МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
Л. А. Борисова, И. В. Чарычанская
УСТНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД
В СФЕРЕ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Учебное пособие
Воронеж
Издательский дом ВГУ
2015
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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для самостоятельной
работы студентов.
Пособие состоит из минимального глоссария на тему «Права
человека» и комплекса упражнений по семи мини-темам.
Каждая мини-тема предполагает расширение фоновых знаний
студентов о ситуации с защитой прав человека в разных регионах мира,
отработку навыков использования
универсальной
переводческой
скорописи, отработку навыков перевода с листа и навыков аудирования,
необходимых устному переводчику. Раздел «Дополнительная тренировка
аудирования» предполагает прослушивание текста полностью или абзацнофразово,
фиксирование содержания с использованием универсальной
переводческой скорописи и перевод текста на русский язык.
К пособию прилагается диск с аудиозаписями текстов.
Пособие призвано дополнить материал, используемый на аудиторных
занятиях по устному переводу, и способствовать его закреплению.
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military junta
military regime
natural rights
non-international armed conflict
oppression
paramilitary forces
perpetrator
political asylum
political offence
prejudice
presumption of innocence
prisoner of conscience
prisoner of war
propaganda
psychological warfare
public emergency
rebellion
refugee
remedy
repression
resistance
reverse discrimination
right to education
right to freedom of press
right to health
right to life
right to privacy
right to work
riot
rule of law
sanctions
self-determination
serfdom
sexual harassment
slavery
stateless persons
subversive activity
the right to nationality
the right to security of person
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военная хунта
военный режим
естественные права
внутренний вооруженный конфликт
угнетение
полувоенные формирования
правонарушитель
политическое убежище
политическое правонарушение
предубеждение, предвзятое мнение
презумпция невиновности
полит. заключенный, «узник совести»
военнопленный
пропаганда
психологические методы ведения
войны
чрезвычайное положение
мятеж
беженец
средство защиты права, средство
судебной защиты
репрессии
сопротивление
обратная дискриминация
право на образование
право на свободу прессы
право на защиту здоровья
право на жизнь
право на частную жизнь
право на работу
массовые беспорядки
принцип верховенства права и
закона
санкции
самоопределение
крепостное право
сексуальные домогательства
рабство
лица без гражданства
подрывная деятельность
право на гражданство
право на личную неприкосновенность
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threat and use of force
to abdicate/ give up/ relinquish a right
to abuse
to achieve equality
tо achieve/ to gain/ to obtain freedom
to assert/ claim a right
to be biased against
to commit atrocities
to deny smb a right
tо detain
tо enjoy/ to have freedom
to enjoy/to have a right
to infringe rights
to protect/ safeguard smb's rights
tо release
to seek political asylum
to violate rights
total equality
torture
trade union
universal direct suffrage
voting right
war crime
xenophobia
угроза и применение силы
отказываться от права
злоупотреблять
добиться равенства
добиться свободы
отстаивать право
иметь предубеждение против коголибо
совершать
зверства/злодеяния
отказать в праве
задержать
пользоваться свободой
пользоваться правом/ иметь право
ущемлять права
защищать права
освободить
искать политического убежища
нарушать права
всеобщее равенство
пытка
профессиональный союз
всеобщее прямое избирательное
право
право голоса
военное преступление
ксенофобия
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Тема № 1. History of Human Rights Movement
Упр. 1. Переведите на РЯ названия следующих международных
документов. Найдите информацию о содержании этих документов и
времени их принятия.
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3. Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4. Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
5. Convention against Torture
6. Convention against Genocide
7. The Geneva Conventions
8. Convention on the Rights of the Child
9. Charter of the United Nations
10. Helsinki Accords
11. Hague Conventions
12. International Bill of Rights
Упр. 2. Что вы знаете о следующих правозащитных организациях?
Переведите их названия на РЯ.
1. UN Commission on Human Rights
2. Amnesty International
3. Human Rights Watch
4. Children's Defense Fund
5. Human Rights Action Center
6. Human Rights Without Frontiers International
Упр. 3. Что вы знаете о следующих людях, сыгравших важную роль в
защите прав человека? Переведите их имена на РЯ в соответствии со
сложившейся традицией перевода.
1. King John of England
2. Thomas Paine
3. John Stuart Mill
4. Henry David Thoreau
5. Mahatma Gandhi
6. Martin Luther King
7. Nelson Mandela
8. Eleanor Roosevelt
9. Desmond Tutu
10. Muhammad Yunus
11. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
12. Benazir Bhutto
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Упр. 4. Подготовьтесь к переводу интервью с политическим деятелем.
А) Найдите информацию о следующих людях, организациях.
Переведите их названия/имена на РЯ.
− Victor Gollancz
− charity Waron Want
− International Criminal Court
− EU Agency for Fundamental Rights
− European Parliament Committee on Justice and Home Affairs
− Anna Politkovskaya
− Alexander Litvinenko
Б) Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на выделенные выражения.
1. The campaign … was a liberal led initiative.
2. If you look across the world today you can see in developed
democraciesa well-establishment rights culture.
3. The campaign to achieve basic rights should take precedence over
the campaign to extend our conception of rights in developed
democracies.
4. The development of what is called soft power, the development of
the idea of using economic cooperation rather than military forces to
promote our values and our interests in the world, has been one of
the most significant contributors to greater respect of human rights.
5. The continued blatant disregard in some countries for fundamental
rights is testimony to the fact that we need a UN with teeth.
6. We can develop forms of supranational governance at a global level.
7. The liberals have always to fight the temptation to territorialism.
Упр. 5. Переведите следующие тексты с листа.
Text № 1
A Short History of the Human Rights Movement
movement.
In my presentation I am going to cover a short history of the human rights
The concept of human rights has existed under several names in European
thought for many centuries, at least since the time of King John of England. After
the king violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which England had
been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or Great Charter.
This document enumerates a number of rights that later came to be thought of as
human rights. Among them were the right of the church to be free from
governmental interference, the rights of all free citizens to own and inherit
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property and be free from excessive taxes. It established the right of widows who
owned property to choose not to remarry, and established principles of due
process and equality before the law. It also contained provisions forbidding
bribery and official misconduct.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe several philosophers
proposed the concept of "natural rights," rights belonging to a person by nature
and because he was a human being, not by virtue of his citizenship in a particular
country or membership in a particular religious or ethnic group. This concept was
vigorously debated and rejected by some philosophers as baseless. Others saw it
as a formulation of the underlying principle on which all ideas of citizens' rights
and political and religious liberty were based.
In the late 1700s two revolutions occurred which drew heavily on this
concept. In 1776 most of the British colonies in North America proclaimed their
independence from the British Empire in a document which still stirs feelings,
and debate, the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
In 1789 the people of France overthrew their monarchy and established the
first French Republic. Out of the revolution came the "Declaration of the Rights
of Man."
The term natural rights eventually fell into disfavor, but the concept of
universal rights took root. Philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill,
and Henry David Thoreau expanded the concept. Thoreau is the first philosopher
to use the term, "human rights", and does so in his treatise, Civil Disobedience.
This work has been extremely influential on individuals such as Leo Tolstoy,
Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King. Gandhi and King, in particular,
developed their ideas on non-violent resistance to unethical government actions
from this work.
The middle and late 19th century saw a number of issues take center stage,
many of them issues people in the late 20th century would consider human rights
issues. They included slavery, serfdom, brutal working conditions, starvation,
wages, child labor, and, in the Americas, the "Indian Problem", as it was known
at the time. In the United States, a bloody war over slavery came close to
destroying a country founded only eighty years earlier. Russia freed its serfs the
year that war began. Neither the emancipated American slaves nor the freed
Russian serfs saw any real degree of freedom or basic rights for many more
decades, however.
For the last part of the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century,
though, human rights activism remained largely tied to political and religious
groups and beliefs. Revolutionaries pointed at the atrocities of governments as
proof that their ideology was necessary to bring about change and end the
government's abuses. Many people, disgusted with the actions of governments in
power, first got involved with revolutionary groups because of this. The
governments then pointed at bombings, strike-related violence, and growth in
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