Английский язык (190,00 руб.)

Traditionally, and in the normally accepted sense of the term, a museum holds the primary tangible evidence of aspects of man and his environment. <...> In the museum the object, 3 which in many cases has been removed in time, place, and circumstance from its original context, communicates itself directly to the viewer, in a way not possible through other interpretive media. <...> History of museums The word museum has classical origins. <...> Use of the Latin derivation, museum, appears to have been restricted in Roman times mainly to places of philosophical discussion. <...> The word museum was revived in 15th-century Europe to describe the collection of Lorenzo de' Medici in Florence, but the term conveyed the concept of comprehensiveness rather than denoting a building. <...> Ole Worm's collection in Copenhagen was so called, and in England visitors to John Tradescant's collection in Lambeth (now a London borough) called the array there a museum; the catalog of this collection, published in 1656, was titled Musaeum Tradescanlianum. <...> In 1675 the collection, having become the property of Elias Ashmole, was transferred to the University of Oxford, and the building constructed to receive it, opened to the public in 1683, became known as the Ashmolean Museum. <...> Although there is some ambivalence in the use of museum in the legislation, drafted in 1753, founding the British Museum, nevertheless the idea of an institution called a museum and established to preserve and display a collection owned by and opened to the public was fairly common in the 18th century. <...> Indeed, Denis Diderot outlined a detailed scheme for a national museum for France in the ninth volume of his Encyclopedie, published in 1765. 4 Use of the word museum during the 19th and most of the 20th century denoted a building housing cultural material to which the public had access. <...> As a result the emphasis of their work tended toward the individual disciplines, and the practical aspects of museum work, such as con servation and display, were achieved through borrowing from other disciplines and techniques, whether or not they particularly met the requirements of the museum and its public. <...> Further, the apprenticeship method of training for museum work gave little opportunity for the introduction of new ideas. <...> Some of the oldest established museums in Europe, such as the British Museum, the Louvre, and the Hermitage, each regularly attract more than 3,000,000 visitors a year, and some of the science and technology museums are even <...>