МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» РЕФЕРИРОВАНИЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТА: МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ АУДИТОРНОЙ РАБОТЫ Учебно-методическое пособие Составители: Н. <...> Вострикова Учебно-методическое пособие подготовлено на кафедре английского языка в профессиональной международной деятельности факультета романогерманской филологии Воронежского государственного университета. <...> Looking into the topic and the main idea of a paragraph.…… 31 3 UNIT 1 SUMMARIZING INFORMATION Task 1. <...> Look at the pictures and in groups think about the situations in which we use summary-making skills. <...> Can you name other situations when we summarize? <...> Sandra Jamieson To answer questions such as «what was the movie about?» «how did the game go?» and «what did I miss in class today?» you must be able to summarize. <...> Your questioner doesn't want to know every line and action in the movie, every play in the game, or every word from class; the question asks you to select the important details and summarize them. <...> Similarly, when you summarize a reading you need to be able to find the important data and then present it as clearly and concisely as possible. <...> The more concise the summary the better, yet if any major details are omitted the purpose of the summary is lost – its readers will be uninformed on key aspects of the news and may make embarrassing errors as a result. <...> The summaries that you write in college are as important to your academic career as these summaries are to these politicians and business people, and accuracy and concision are just as important, too. <...> Obviously, you cannot write a good summary of a source that you do not understand. <...> There are reading strategies that will help you comprehend a source text as fully as possible. <...> One of those techniques is the reader’s summary, which you write for yourself, as a way of understanding the text you are reading. <...> Read a section of the book or article, or the whole thing if it is short, and then close the text and write a summary of the key points. <...> This will help you get 5 an overall picture of the argument <...>
Реферирование_общественно-политического_текста.pdf
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
РЕФЕРИРОВАНИЕ
ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТА:
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ АУДИТОРНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Н.В. Ильичева,
А.А. Махонина
Воронеж
Издательский дом ВГУ
2015
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Contents
Unit 1. Summarizing information……………………………………… 4
Unit 2. Working with figurative language………………..……………. 12
Unit 3. Comprehending a sentence………………………...…………… 24
Unit 4. Looking into the topic and the main idea of a paragraph.…… 31
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an overall picture of the argument through the outline, and a more detailed
reminder of the content via the summaries.
Summary is often a part of synthesis because readers need to know a little
about the ideas you are pulling together. Similarly, you have to summarize ideas
or texts before you can compare them, classify them, or divide them into their
component parts. You will find that almost any texts you read in college and
outside contain at least a little summary.
1. The main purpose of a summary is
a) to make another person interested in the problem;
b) to select the important details and represent them to another person;
c) to stimulate another person to read the whole book or watch the whole
movie.
2. While summarizing we try to
a) enrich the original piece by means of explicit details;
b) compress the original piece in terms of grammatical constructions;
c) condense the original
comprehensible.
3. A good summary should
a) include as many details as possible;
b) be compendious and generalizing;
c) render stylistic peculiarities of the original piece.
4. Summarizing the key points of the text can help to
a) omit all unnecessary information;
b) penetrate into the essence of the text;
c) remember the text in full detail.
5. Summary-outline notes
a) allow you to keep in mind the content of the source text;
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piece making it more laconic and
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b) help you expand the summary in case of necessity;
c) let you include all the details in your summary.
6. The ability to synthesize is crucial in summary-writing because
a) you construct a summary on the basis of the ideas from different
sources;
b) readers need to know what your ideas stand for;
c) you have to put together the key points you mark out.
Task 3. Compare and contrast the pieces of information given below. Which
of them refers to writing a summary?
Just think of some of the tasks you might encounter in a typical
government workplace. You may have to report on discussions at a meeting,
generalize the responses received as part of a public consultation or report on a
teleconference. You may have to write an executive outline of a report, describe
how a project is going and convey the recommendations arising from a lengthy
study. In every case, you will have to sort through the original information,
extract the essential details from all the rest and then create a coherent
abbreviated version of the information that the reader can rely on as an accurate
representation of the most important points.
Working with conceptually more complex texts may be different from
working with factual texts. In such texts, you have to follow the author’s main
line of reasoning, spot his arguments, identify the counterarguments he puts
forward to refute another argument, differentiate between main ideas, and
evidence provided to support or refute arguments. While doing these, you will
also have to decide what is essential information and what is detail. All these
require very careful critical reading.
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Task 4. Read the quotation below. Tell your partner if you agree with it.
Why? Why not?
Good summaries are harder to write than you may think – bad summaries are
easy! (Sandra Jamieson, Drew University. 1999)
Listening
Task 5. You are going to listen to some information about the peculiarities of
writing a summary. Before listening, study the following words and phrases
which will appear in the passage. How do you think they will be related to
the theme of the passage?
●important data ●to present concisely ●to summarize relevant stories
●embarrassing errors ●accuracy and concision ●to comprehend a source text
●summary-outline notes ● an overall picture of the argument ●synthesis
Task 6. Now listen to the recording. For questions 1-10, fill in the gaps with a
word or short phrase.
The purpose of summary is to (1) __________ the information of the text
to the reader in a compressed form. You are not supposed to include the (2)
__________ of the text in your summary. Along with the most important points
some (3) __________ information should be included to help the reader get
acquainted with the author’s point of view on the topic. It is significant to
differentiate a summary from (4) a __________. A summary is discrepant as it
doesn’t presuppose any (5) __________ to the ideas of the text. A summary also
differs from an outline or synopsis for it represents (6) __________ of the ideas
or arguments of the text. The most relevant information about the topic is given
in a summary in order to (7) __________ the ideas of the text. It can be difficult
to write a summary of a text as some writers do not use a (8) __________
structure. In this case the task of summarising is to present the information given
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in the initial text in an (9) __________ fashion. The final product you receive
should represent a laconic, more (10) __________ version of the text.
Task 7. Look upon yourself as a certified professional in the sphere of
international relations. Your employer has asked you to prepare a summary
of a text in English. In pairs choose the main principles of summarizing and
explain your choice. Correct the wrong principles.
The summary should cover the original as a whole.
The summary should include your own illustrations, metaphors, or
interpretations.
Your summary simply repeats what the source text says, in fewer words
and in your own words.
The fact that you use your own words does not mean that you include your
own ideas.
The thesis of the original essay should be clear in the summary.
The rendering captures the gist or essence of a work for an audience who
has no immediate access to the original.
The material should be presented in a neutral fashion.
The summary should be a condensed version of the material, presented in
your own words.
The summary is shorter than the source.
The summary generalizes the main points of the original source.
Your task is to simplify the language of the summary so that it was clear
for everyone.
Task 8. Now you are going to study seven steps which you will take when
writing a summary of a text. Match them to what you are supposed to do at
each stage. Then put them into the right order.
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1 Write a thesis statement
a
At this point, your first draft is
virtually done. You can use the
thesis statement as the introductory
sentence, and your other sentences
can make up the body. Make sure
that they are in order. Add some
transition words
(then, however, also, moreover) that
help with the overall structure and
flow of the summary.
2 Check for accuracy
b
Read straight through. At this point,
you don’t need to stop to look up
anything that gives you trouble—
just get a feel for the author’s tone,
style, and main idea.
3 Read
c
Review the sentences you wrote in
step 4. From them, you should be
able to create a thesis statement that
clearly communicates what the
entire text was trying to achieve. If
you find that you are not able to do
this step, then you should go back
and make sure your sentences
actually addressed key points.
4 Ready to write
d
Skim the text you are going to work
with and divide it into sections.
Focus on any headings and
subheadings. Also look at any boldfaced
terms and make sure you
understand them before you read.
5 One sentence at a time
e
Reread your summary and make
certain that you have accurately
represented the author’s ideas and
key points. Make sure that you have
correctly cited anything directly
quoted from the text. Also check to
make sure that your text does not
contain your own commentary.
6 Divide and conquer
f
Rereading should be active reading.
Underline topic sentences and key
facts. Label areas that you want to
refer to. Also label areas that should
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