Atmospheric Black Carbon over the North Atlantic and the Russian Arctic Seas in Summer–Autumn Time (300,00 руб.)

Химия в интересах устойчивого развития 24 (2016) 441–446 UDC 550.462 + 582.29 DOI: 10.15372/KhUR20160402 Atmospheric Black Carbon over the North Atlantic and the Russian Arctic Seas in Summer–Autumn Time V. P. SHEVCHENKO1, V. M. KOPEIKIN2, N. EVANGELIOU3, A. P. LISITZIN1, A. N. NOVIGATSKY1, N. V. PANKRATOVA2, D. P. STARODYMOVA1, A. STOHL3 and R. THOMPSON3 1Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia E-mail: vshevch@ocean.ru 2Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway Abstract The distribution of atmospheric black carbon (BC) in the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic and Baltic, North, Norwegian, Barents, White, Kara and Laptev Seas was studied in research cruises with the RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” during July 23 to October 24, 2015. <...> Source areas were estimated by backwards trajectories of air masses calculated using NOAA’s HYSPLIT model (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ ready.html) and FLEXPART model (http://www.flexpart.eu). <...> During some parts of the cruises, air masses arrived from background areas of high latitudes, and the measured BC concentrations were low. <...> Over other parts of the cruises, air masses arrived from industrially developed areas with strong BC sources, and this led to substantially enhanced measured BC concentrations. <...> Model-supported analyses are currently performed to use the measurement data for constraining the emission strength in these areas. <...> Key words: black carbon, marine boundary layer, North Atlantic, Arctic, backward trajectories, emission strength INTRODUCTION Black carbon (BC) is a distinct type of carbonaceous material that is primarily produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels (coal and diesel), biofuels, as well as biomass burning. <...> However, measurement data of the distribution of BC in the atmosphere over the Russian Arctic Seas is scarce [7–17]. <...> MATERIALS AND METHODS We present measurements of atmospheric BC in the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic and Baltic, North, Norwegian, Barents, White, Kara and Laptev Seas from the 62nd, 63rd and 64th research cruises of the RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” from July 23 <...>