ИЗ ИСТОРИИ НЕВРОЛОГИИ ИЗ ИСТОРИИ НЕВРОЛОГИИ © D.J. LANSKA, 2015 гИПЕРКИНЕТИчЕСКИЕ ДВИгАТЕЛЬНЫЕ РАССТРОйСТВА: ИСТОРИя РАЗВИТИя ВОПРОСА ДО СЕРЕДИНЫ ХХ ВЕКА Д. <...> Ланска Медицинский центр по делам ветеранов системы здравоохранения Великих озер, неврологическое отделение, Тома, Висконсин, США HYPERKINETIC DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS TO THE MIDDLE OF THE 20TH Lanska D.J. Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Great Lakes Healthcare System, Tomah, Wisconsin, USA Введение. <...> В историческом аспекте среди гиперкинетических нарушений наиболее изученными были тремор и хорееформные расстройства, однако встречались и описания таких гиперкинезов, как атетоз, патологическая стартл-реакция, тик, миоклонус и баллизм. <...> Ключевые слова: история медицины, двигательные расстройства, диагностика, тремор, хорея, атетоз, болезнь Паркинсона, миоклонус Для цитирования: Неврологический журнал. 2015; 20 (5): 55–68. <...> HYPERKINETIC DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS TO THE MIDDLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY LANSKA D.J. Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Great Lakes Healthcare System, Tomah, Wisconsin, USA Introduction: In 1912, SAK Wilson introduced the term “extrapyramidal” into neurology and focused attention upon the importance of the basal ganglia in producing a range of movement disorders. <...> Nearly seventy years later, in 1981, the World Federation of Neurology proposed a classification that dichotomized extrapyramidal disorders into disorders of movement and disorders of posture and tone. <...> Historical descriptions of hyperkinetic disorders of movement to the middle of the 20th century emphasized tremors and choreiform disorders, but other hyperkinetic disorders of movement were also recognized, including athetosis, pathological startle reactions, tics, myoclonus, and ballism. <...> Results: Although tremor was recognized in antiquity, and although the existence of arrhythmic hyperkinetic extrapyramidal movement disorders was first suggested during the Middle Ages, it was only in the late 19th century and afterwards that careful clinical and pathological studies separated and characterized the most common categories of hyperkinetic movement disorders. <...> Limited understanding of brain organization (neuroanatomy, neurophysiology) and pathological processes, along with often dogmatically expressed but crude mechanistic explanations of disease, and in some cases a chronic tension between psychiatric and neurologic paradigms of disease pathogenesis <...>