1, 2012
5
539
. . , . .
,
.
Li+, Be++, B+++. . ,
.
, .
PACS: 32.10.Hq, 32.10.-f
: , , , .
N 2
, 3N
.
,
n rn(xn, yn, zn)
Rn.
Rn Rm ,
, n m.
, ,
,
. ,
nm =rn–rm,
,
rn rm
R0,
Rn Rm. , , ,
.
,
( ).
, .
, .
.
, 142190, ., . .
E-mail: laptuhov@izmiran.ru
20 2011 .
© . ., . ., 2012
20,4 [1], ,
, 24,58 [2].
,
,
.
.
,
, R = 0 N
,
.
E B A.
k,
ee –e, m
ek = –enk
[3, 4]:
divnkVk e n e en (1)
t
nk
E VB (2)
k
ek
mee
t mc
V V V
k
E
11, B AA (3)
c
A
t
rot ,
ct
div 0.
(2)
, 2, —
e k ,
2
k kk
k
();
2
0,
e kk 0;
,
2
Стр.1
6
.
[3, 4]
Re
3
(Re/)3, Re = /(mc) —
m, = e2/(c) 1/137 —
, c —
. (. .
>> Re
3) ,
,
,
(). ,
()
,
(. (8)).
(2) (3) P
k kk k kk
t
:
0
V P0
ge
k kk
k
mV
k
t
22
22m
:
0P VA
g , m e /c
rot 0;
.
k k kk/
g Ct
(4)
(4) P
( ), 01,
1, 2012
(8)
[5]
ee = –e, m,
A. , [5]
.
(4)
,
(2),
.
= const = 0 ,
""
, . . .
.
rot P0k 0,
(5)
C1k(t) — t,
,
k k –1k(t)dt/,
(5) .
mVk = k+eA/c
(1) :
e
k
2 m
,
k kk
t m
div 0.
mc
(6)
k aa A
a
,
(5) (6) C1k=0 g (4)
:
i)t
(
k
2m
e mi
k
a
a
2
1;
2
k kki ,i 2
exp( )
k
22
diva
k
0.
(8)
(7)
[3] (
[5]) (2) (4)
), ,
(4)
(5). , (1) (2),
, ,
( ,
)
.
: ",
,
. …,
,
, ,
(, ,
), "
[6].
(2) (4)
(5),
(8) k,
k = 1, 2, … N.
.
k
k(t, R), t
R(x,y,z) .
(8)
A,
.
Стр.2
1, 2012
k(t, R) m(t, R), k m.
(9)
, , (9)
,
n, l, ml, ms [7], , ,
k(t, R).
.
,
,
, , k(t, R).
(9).
(8) ,
.
,
, .
k
2= k
2 = –ek/e 0
ek k.
k —
P0k. k
Ck(t),
t,
.
: k = mVk – eA/c.
Vk jek/ek —
jek
ek k.
(
[1]).
(8), "" ,
"".
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
. 7
,
,
, ,
a = 0.
(8) ( (4) (5))
:
2
1
22 **
E Ze ee ,1 11
1
1
2 1
,
2
1 2 22 22
,
4
4
1
2
E Ze ee ,
mR
1;
(10)
22 ** 1,
2 2
mR
(11)
Uk –Ek > 0 —
k = 1, 2 , Ze — (
Z = 2), k —
k = 1, 2.
< >
. k
* —
k.
k (7) — ,
, k = k, k = 0 k = ,
. :
E1 = E2 = E, = –2 = , 1 = 2 =
= (R), (10) (11)
:
2
4
22
22
mR
e EU
Ue ,
,
Ze
1,.
(12):
(R=0) = 0, (R ) 0, (R = 0) = 0 < 0,
(R = 0)/R = 0, (R ) –e/R.
(13)
U :
(R ) 0,
0 <2> = 1,
0 — (R ) 0.
(12)
(13)
[8]. U = Uc
Z = 1, 2, …,10 .
1,
Uexp [2],
Uc – Uexp,
0 , 0a3/2, a
2/(mee2) —
W(Z) (. . 1).
,
[2].
(12)
Стр.3