УДК 53
ББК 22.3
Ф50
Редакционный совет серии «Физика в технических университетах»:
Варшалович Д.А., академик РАН, СПбГПУ— председатель;
Алферов Ж.И., академик РАН, лауреат Нобелевской премии;
Васильев Ю.С., академик РАН, Президент СПбГПУ;
Гладун А.Д., профессор МФТИ; Иванов В.К., профессор СПбГПУ;
Калашников Н.П., профессор МИФИ; Кожевников Н.М., профессор
СПбГПУ — зам. председателя; Крохин О.Н., академик РАН, профессор
МИФИ, ФИАН; Морозов А.Н., профессор МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана;
Рудской А.И., член-кор. РАН, ректор СПбГПУ
Рецензент — доктор физико-математических наук, профессор СПбГПУ
В. В. Козловский
Физика : словарь-справочник / Е. С. Платунов [и др.] ; под ред. Н. М. Кожевникова.
— СПб. : Изд-во Политехн. ун-та, 2014. — 798 с. — (Физика в технических
университетах).
Словарь-справочник раскрывает содержание свыше 2500 наиболее употребительных
научных терминов по всем разделам физики, которые изучаются
в высших технических и средних учебных заведениях. Каждому термину посвящена
отдельная статья, включающая в себя его определение и наиболее
важную информацию по затрагиваемой физической проблеме. Все термины
приводятся в их общепринятом произношении и имеют английские эквиваленты.
Статьи расположены в алфавитном порядке, некоторые из них дополнены
иллюстрациями, облегчающими понимание текста.
Словарь-справочник предназначен прежде всего для студентов инженернотехнических
и физических специальностей, преподавателей физики и связанных
с нею дисциплин, но может быть полезным для школьных учителей физики,
инженеров и научных работников, учащихся старших классов и абитуриентов.
© Платунов Е. С., Самолетов В. А.,
Буравой С. Е., Прошкин С. С., 2014
ISBN 978-5-7422-4217-8
© СанктПетербургский государственный
политехнический университет, 2014
Стр.4
α-DECAY
АЛФАВИТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ АНГЛИЙСКИХ ТЕРМИНОВ
!
α-decay 30
α-particle 31
α-radiation 30
α-rays 30
β-decay 46
β-particle 47
β+
β-radiation 46
β-rays 46
γ-decay 93
γ-radiation 93
γ-quantum 93
γ-rays 93
π-mesons 399
t-lepton 571
А
aberration of optical system 13
abnormal dispersion 35
absolute acceleration 16
absolute air humidity 13
absolute dielectric permeability 14
absolute dielectric susceptibility 13
absolute electromagnetic system of units 15,
517
absolute electrostatic system of units 15, 517
absolute gas constant 630
absolute index of refraction 19
absolute magnetic inductivity 14
absolute magnetic permittivity 14
absolute motion 15
absolute scale 602, 694
absolute space 15
absolute speed 14
absolute temperature 15, 601
absolute temperature scale 602
absolute time 15
absolute velocity 14
absolute zero 19
absolutely black body 18
absolutely elastic collision 17
absolutely inelastic collision 16
absolutely neutral particle 227
768
particle 412
absorbability 410, 551
absorbance 410, 551
absorbancy 410, 551
absorbate 20, 19
absorbing ability 410
absorption 20, 410, 745
absorption coefficient 262, 329
absorption dose 262
absorption dose of ionizing radiation 411, 412
absorption index 262
absorption spectrum 554
absorptive power 262
acceleration 646
acceleration of anlinear motion 646
acceleration of gravity 647
acceptor impurity 29
acceptor level 29
accommodation of eye 26
accumulator 26
acoustic dispersion 133
acoustic oscillation 29
acoustic resistance 29
acoustic spectrum 29
acoustic(al) wave 28
acoustics 28
action 116
active power 26, 494
activity of radionuclide in source 28
actual power 26
additional unit 151
additional unit of system units 151
additive physical value 23
additivity 23
adiabat 23
adiabatic compressibility 24, 257
adiabatic equation 634
adiabatic process 24
adiabatic shell 24
adiabatic system 24
adiabatic throttling 24, 151
adsorbate 25
adsorbent 25
adsorption 26, 745
air humidity 65
air relative humidity 377
Стр.768
ATOMIC MASS UNIT
algebraic sum 30
allowed energy band 488
alpha decay 30
alpha luminescence 30
alpha particle 31
alpha radiation 30
alpha rays 30
alternating current 391
alternating current circuit 684
alternating current power 331
altimeter 30
amorphous structure 31
amorphous substance 31
ampere (A) 31
Ampere force 520
ampere per kilogram (A/kg) 32
ampere per meter (A/m) 32
ampere per square meter (A/m2
Ampere rule 449, 451
amperemeter 32
ampere-square meter (A · m2
Amperian current 322
amplitude 32, 33
amplitude divide method 310
amplitude modulation 33
amplitude of acoustic pressures 33
amplitude of oscillation 33
amplitude-frequency characteristic 34
anergy 34
angle of arrival 623
angle of contact 269
angle of incidence 623
angle of inclination 623
angle of reflection 622
angle of refraction 623
angle of rotation 623
angle of rotation of plane of polarization 622
angle of shear 623
angle shearing strain 619
angström (Å) 34
angular acceleration 621
angulor dispercion 619
angulor kinetic energy 728
angular frequency 620, 685
angular magnification 620
angular momentum 325
angular parameters of rotation 621
) 32
) 32
angular resolution 620
angular velocity 620
anharmonic oscillations 39
anion 35, 381
anisotropic medium 35
anisotropic substance 35
anisotropism 34
annihilation particle-antiparticle 35
anode 35
anomalous dispersion 35, 421
anomalous substance 36
anomaly 36
angular dispersion 619
antibaryon 36
antiferroelectric 37
antiferromagnetic 38
antiferromagnetic Curie temperature 38, 575
antiferromagnetism 38
antifriction couple 38
antilepton 37
antimatter 36
antineutrino 37
antineutron 37
antinode 475
antiparticle 38
antiphase oscillations 38, 471
antiproton 37
antiresonance frequency 37
aperiodic motion 39
apparent focus 317
apparent power 228, 418
apparent resistance 420
arc discharge 153
Archimedes principle 159
arithmetic mean molecular speed 558
arm of couple 402
arm of force 402
astigmatism 39
atmosphere 39
atmospheric pressure 40
atom 40
atom(ic) physics 41
atomic bond 41, 246
atomic crystal 42
atomic dimensions 487
atomic interaction 304
atomic mass unit 41
769
Стр.769
ATOMIC NUCLEUS
atomic nucleus 42, 747
atomic number 42
atomic orbital impulsive moment 368
atomic orbital magnetic moment 368
atomic orbital moment 368, 367
atomic polarizability 426
atomic second 41
atomic spectrum 42, 533
atomic spin 555
atomic weight unit 41
attenuation coefficient 413
attenuation index 413
audibility threshold 428
auditory sensation area 351
Auger transition 360
autoelectronic emission 21
autoionization 20
autonomic system 21
auto-oscillating system 20
auto-oscillations 20
Avogadro constant 431, 690
Avogadro hypothesis 159,
Avogadro number 159, 690
Avogadro law 159
axial vector 26, 370, 474
axis of lens 362
axis of oscillation 376
axis of suspension 376
B
back focal distance 158
back focal length 158
back focal plane 159
back focus 158
balanced state 482
bar (bar) 42
barometer 43
barometric height formula 43
barrier-layer photoeffect 59, 673
baryon charge 43
baryons 42
basic electrostatic theorem 372
basic equation of dynamics of body
rotation 373
basic equation of hydrodynamics of ideal
liquid 373
770
basic equation of hydrostatics 373
basic equation of particle dynamics 373
basic equation of relativistic dynamics 374
basic physical value 372
basic unit 371
basic unit of system units 371
basic value 371
basis equation of molecular-kinetic theory of
idea 374
basis equation of thermodynamics 375
beating 47
beats 47
becquerel (Bq) 45
becquerel per cubed meter (Bq/m3
becquerel per kilogram (Bq/kg) 45
becquerel per mole (Bq/mol) 45
bel (B) 45
bench mark’s 506
Bernoulli equation 689
beta decay 46
beta particle 47
beta radiation 46
beta rays 46
biaxial crystal 116
Big Bang 50
binary solution 48
binaural effect 48
binodal curve 49
Bio-Savart law 160
birth of pair 507
BKS theory of superconductivity 584
black body 18, 690
blackbody spectrum 550
body frame 572
body 296, 571
Bohr magneton 287
Bohr postulate 435
Bohr quantum conditions 435
Bohr radius 50
boiling 243
boiling temperature 575
Boltzmann constant 431
Boltzmann distribution 489
Boltzmann entropy-probability relation 661
Bose-Einstein distribution 488
Bose-Einstein statistics 562
Bose-gas 49
) 45
Стр.770
COEFFICIENT OF ELASTICITY
Bose-particle 49
bound charge 516
bound energy 516, 732
bound particle 515
bound state 516
boundary layer 412
Boyle law 161
Boyle temperature 574
braking radiation 612
Bravais lattice 506
breakdown 466
bremsstrahlung radiation 612
Brewster angle 622
Brewster law 162
Brownian motion 51
Brownian particle 51
bubble pressure 113
bulk magnetostriction 354
bulk modulus 318
buoyancy principle 159
C
caloric 595
caloric conduction 586
caloricity 228
calorie (cal) 228
calorific effect 598
candela (cd) 229
candela per squared meter (cd/m2
capacitive reactance 755
capacitor 252
capacity reactance 155
capillary phenomena 229
capillary pressure 229
cardinal points 231
Carnot cycle 269
Carnot theorem 582
carrier of current 348
carrier of electricity 349
cathode 232
cathodoluminescence 233
cathodoluminescent 233
cation 232
cavitation 228
cell 246
Celsius scale 579
) 229
Celsius scale of temperature 579
center of gravity 683
center of inertia 682
center of mass 682
center of the lens 365
center of the trajectory curvature 682
centi... (c) 508
centigrade scale 579
central collision 681
central field 681
central force 680
centrifugal force 682
centrifugal force of inertia 682
centripetal acceleration 683
centripetal force 683
CGS 517
CGSE 517
CGSM 517
characteristic temperature 574
charge carrier 349
charge independence 193
Charles law 187
Cherenkov radiation 201
cicular polarizad light 511
Ciolcovsky formula 667
circular dichroism 275
circular double refraction 275
circular frequence 684
circular frequence of harmonic oscillation 684
circular polarization of light 687
circular polarized light 687
Clapeyron-Clausius equation 636
classical electron radius 245
classical law of velocity adding 245
classical mechanics 244
classical oscillator 246
classical physics 244
classical statistics 244
Clausius equation 374
Clausius nonequilibrium 345
clockwise polarization 452
closed shell 193
closed system 192
closed-loop system 193
coefficient of damped 259
coefficient of dynamical viscosity 257
coefficient of elasticity 268
771
Стр.771
COEFFICIENT OF PRESSURE
coefficient of pressure 208
coefficient of quality radiation 260
coefficient of rolling friction 266
coefficient of sliding friction 267
coefficient of static friction 267
coefficient of thermal radiation 264
coefficient of volume expansion 202
coercive field 257
coercive force 257
coherence 468
coherency 247
coherent oscillation 247
coherent waves 247
cold emission 679
collision 566
collision ionization 625
collision radiation 612
colloid(al) system 249
color pyrometer 680
color temperature 680
coma 250
complementarity principle 461
complete radiator 18
completed shell 193
completely linearly polarized light 280
completely polarized light 421
complex number 250
complex refractive index 250
compressibility 257
compressibility factor 261
compressibility modulus 318
Compton effect 741
Compton radiation 251
Compton wavelength 250
concentration 254
concentric-sphere capacitor 570
condensation 252
condensation heat 597
condensed state 252
condensed substance 252
conditions for electric field on boundary
of conductor-dielectric 649
conditions for electric field on boundary
of dielectric 648
conditions for magnetic field on boundary
of magnetics 647
conduction band 198
772
conduction current 611
conductivity 466
conductor 467
conformity with a law 179
conjugate points 849
conservative force 253
conservative force field 253
conservative system 253
constitutional diagram 124
constrained oscillations 86
constraint 516
continuity equation 639
continuous medium 253
continuous spectrum 345
continuous X-ray radiation 612
continuum 253
continuum state 253
convection 251
convective heat loss law 175
convective heat-mass exchange 251
convergence lens 544
convergent lens 544
convergent oscillations 193
converging lens 544
convex lens 544
Cooper pair 277
coordinate system 340
Coriolis acceleration 646
Coriolis force of inertia 254
Coriolis force 523
corkscrew rule 449
corona discharge 254
corpuscle 316
corpuscular radiation 255
correspondence principle 464
cosine law 175
cosinoidal radiator 255
cosinusoidal radiator 255
cosmic background 502
cosmic microwave background 502
cosmic radiation 256
cosmological red shift 256
Cotton effect 275
coulomb (C) 276
Coulomb law 175
coulomb per cubed meter (C/m3
coulomb per kilogram (C/kg) 277
) 276
Стр.772
DEUTERIUM
coulomb per meter (C/m) 276
coulomb per squared meter (C/m2
Coulomb(ian) field 277
coulomb-meter (C · m) 276
counterclockwise polarization 278
couple of forces 387
couple 387
covalent bond 105
critical angle 453
critical angle of total internal reflection 453
critical angle of total reflection 453
critical damping 274
critical field of superconductor 275
critical isotherm 273
critical parameters 274
critical phenomena 274
critical point 274
critical pressure 274
critical state 275
critical temperature 273
critical temperature of superconducting
transition 273
critical volume 274
cryogenics 270
crystal 271
crystal lattice 271
crystal optical axis 362
crystallites 271
crystallization 271
crystallization heat 597
cubed metre (m3
) 275
cubed metre per mole (m3
curie (Cu) 277
Curie law 176
Curie temperature 575
curl field 65
current 527
current circuit magnetic moment 292
current density 406
current resonance 384
current source 227
current work 481
cycle 684
cycle process 275, 684
cyclic frequency 685
cyclic(al) field 65
cylindrical capacitor 686
/mol) 276
) 276
cylindrical wave 685
d’Alembert paradox 381
D
Dalton law 168
damped 119
damped natural frequency 546, 698
damped oscillations 193
damped oscillations period 395
damping coefficient 259
dark energy 572
dark matter 572
de Broglie wavelength 116, 147
de Broglie waves 74
Debye (characteristic) temperature 574
Debye cubic law 175
deca... (da) 119
deceleration radiation 612
deci... (d) 122
decibel (dB) 122
decimal multiple and submultiple
prefixes 120
decimal multiple and submultiple units 119
decrement of value 619
defect conduction 458
defect semiconductor 459
deformation 121
degeneracy of energy levels 87
degenerate of energy levels 88
degree of dissociation 259
degree of ionization 259
degree of polarization 565
density 704
density of charge 355, 405
density of probability 404, 674
density of states 405
depth of focus 104
derived physical value 467
derived unit 467
derived unit of system units 467
derived value 467
desorption 119, 745
desublimation 119
detailed balancing priciple 461
detect photoconductivity 458
deuterium 619
773
Стр.773
DEUTERON
deuteron 118
deuteroxide 619
deuton 118
dew point 614
diamagnetic material 128
diamagnetism 126
diaphragm 129
dielectric 145
dielectric breakdown 147
dielectric hysteresis 147
dielectric loss 147
dielectric permeability 146
dielectric polarization 424
dielectric properties 147
dielectric susceptibility 145
difference in optical path 363
diffraction 386
diffraction by a slit 140
diffraction by aperture 139
diffraction grating 135
diffraction of light 142
diffraction pattern 135
diffraction spectrum 138
diffuse reflection 145
diffusion 144
diffusion coefficient 259
diffusion equation 171
diffusion pressure 145
dimensional physical value 487
dimensionless physical value 45
dinamic viscosity 129
diopter (D) 130
dipole arm 402
dipole electric moment 705
dipole moment 130
dipole polarization 130
direct current 435
direct current circuit 684
direct current power 332
direct ionizing radiation 345
direct-current resistance 361
discontinuous spectrum 131
discrete spectrum 131
dislocation 131
disperse spectrum 132
dispersing medium 131
dispersion equation 131, 170
774
dispersion formula 665
dispersion of light 133
dispersion of refractive index 133
dispersion of wave 132
displacement 392
displacement current 611
displacement vector 58, 392
displacement-time curve 109
dissipative force 133
dissipative system 134
dissociation 134
distortion 134
distribution function 674
distribution function of molecular
velocity490
divergent lens 492
divergent oscillation 338
diverging lens 492
domain 150
domain polarization 150
donor impurity 150
donor level 150
Doppler width 151
double electrical layer 115
double refraction 115
double refraction index 413
drop 231
droplet 231
dropping liquid 229
Drude theory 584
dry external friction 569
dry friction 569
dry friction forces 533
dry vapor 569
Dulong and Petit law 172
dying oscillations 193
dynamic balance 130, 563
dynamic equilibrium 130
dynamic hysteresis 633
dynamic pressure 129
dynamics 129
dyne (dyn) 129
E
Earnshaw theorem 582
eddy currents 65, 610
Стр.774
EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
eddying flow 619
effective current 117, 118, 740
effective electromotive force 118, 740
effective voltage 117, 740
efficiency 262, 268, 269, 378, 552, 599, 698
efficiency of Carnot cycle 269
Ehrenfest equation 644
Einstein relativity principle 463
Einstein theory of gravity 503
elastic body 633
elastic deformation 632
elastic energy 633
elastic force 234, 417, 532, 632,
elastic force field 417
elastic limit 453
elastic medium 633
elastic modulus 319
elastic wave 357, 631, 732
electric (field) intensity 338
electric charge conservation law 183
electric circuit junction 629
electric current carrier 348
electric current power 333
electric field flux 445, 447
electric field line 281, 532
electric field strength 338
electric flux 445, 448
electric force 338, 701
electric induction 59, 700, 707
electric potential 443, 706
electric resistivity 628
electrical image force 532
electrical impedance 210, 420
electrical resistivity 627, 628
electrochemical cell 93
electrochemical constant 434, 693
electromagnetic field potential 439
electromagnetic oscillations equation 642
electromagnetic wave intensity 217
electromagnetic wave velocity 540
electromotive force of nonelectromagnetic
origin 567
electron hole 153, 406, 714, 715
electron orbital magnetic moment 367
electron spin (magnetic) moment 556
electron-hole transition 406
electronic orbital impulsive moment 368
electronic orbital moment 368
electrostatic bond 224
electrostatic field potential 443, 465
electrovalent bond 224, 708
electroweak interaction 717
electric vector of electromagnetic wave 701
elevating force 412
emission spectrum 553
emissive ability 227, 551
emissive coefficient 216, 264
emissive power 216, 264, 268, 565
emitted radiant power 285, 445, 726
energy flow 110, 448
energy flow velocity 110
energy flux 448
energy level 87, 88, 459, 494, 544, 645,
694, 727
energy level width 694
energy of zero oscillations 349, 731
energy-level splitting 494
enlarging lens 284
envelope velocity 110
environment 360
equal slope bands 218, 422
equal thickness bands 218, 422
equation of continuity 639
equation of electromagnetic oscillations 642
equation of kinematics of a material
point 375, 636
equation of Mesherscy 638
equation of oscillation 637
equilibrium 130, 234, 421, 481, 549
equilibrium heat radiation 482
equilibrium process 234, 482
equilibrium state 482, 606
equilibrium system 481
equilibrium thermodynamics 482
equipartition law 180, 579, 584
equipartition theorem 579, 584
equiphase surface 76, 651
Euclidean geometry 97
Euler equation 373, 642
Eulerian angles 642
evaporation 225
exchange interaction 352
excited (energy) state 73
exclusion principle 462, 463
775
Стр.775
EXCLUSION ZONE
exclusion zone 193
expansion work 479
explosion 63
exposure 284, 509, 697, 698, 724
external circuit 67
external electric field 68
external energy 68
external force 68
external friction 66, 533, 569
external friction forces 533, 534
external magnetic field 66
external parameters 67
extraneous field 567
extraneous force 567
extraordinary ray 343, 414
extraordinary ray refraction index 414
extrinsic photoconductivity 458
extrinsic photoeffect 67
extrinsic semiconductor 459
eye lens 360
eyepiece 360
F
Fahrenheit scale 578, 694
Fahrenheit scale of temperature 578
farad (F) 654
Faraday constant 434, 693
Faraday law of induction 187, 192
Fermat principle 466
Fermi energy 645, 733
Fermi level 645, 733
Fermi(-Dirac) statistics 562
Fermi-Dirac distribution 492
Fermi-gas 655
Fermi-liquid 655
fermion 655
Fermi-particle 655
Fermi-surface 655
ferrimagnetism 655
ferroelectric 517, 518
ferroelectric coercive force 257
ferroelectric domain 518
ferroelectric hysteresis 518, 702
ferromagnet 656
ferromagnetic 656
ferromagnetic domain 292, 656
776
ferromagnetism 655
Fick law 171, 187
Fick diffusion law 171, 187
fiducial points 506
field 416
field emission 21, 416
field line 532
field tube 618
fine structure 612
fine structure constant 433
fine-structure splitting 612
first Bohr radius 50
first cosmic velocity 388
first focal length 391
first focal point 391
first law of thermodynamics 388, 390
fixed charge 516
fixed electron 516
fixed particle 515
fixed points 506
Fleming rule 449
flow line 282
fluctuations 659
fluidity 571
fluorescence 659
flux 444
flux density 405
flux density of electromagnetic energy 58,
405
flux density of energy 405
focal distance 660
focal length 660
focal plane 660
forbidden (energy) band 193
forbidden zone 193
force 520
force exitation 533
force exitation oscillation 533
force field 533
force moment 328
force of current interaction 521
force of inertia 523
force of normal pressures 525
forced oscillations 86
forces of molecular interaction 533
forms of interaction 63
forward cycle 473
Стр.776
GRAVITY WAVE
Foucault pendulum 301
four-dimensional interval 505
Fourier analysis 94, 675
Fourier law 186, 187
Fraunhofer diffraction 138, 143
free body 513
free charge 515
free continuous oscillation 513
free electron 515
free energy 512, 728
free enthalpy 512
free fall 513
free fall acceleration 647
free oscillation 513
free path time 83
free volume of gas 515
free-electron theory 584
frequency modulation 689
frequency of oscillations 689
frequency of periodic oscillations 689
frequency spectrum 554, 690
Fresnel (half-period) zone 198
Fresnel diffraction 138, 144
Fresnel formulas 668
Fresnel zones method 310
friction 614
friction coupling 673
friction of rest 528
friction rolling 615
front focal plane 391
front focus 391
fuel combustion heat 598
fundamental interaction 673
fundamental particles 569, 674
fundamental physical value 372
fundamental unit 371
fundamental unit of system units 371
fundamental value 371, 372
fundamental particles 569, 674
G
Galilean telescope 617
Galileo relativity principle 463
Galileo transformations 454
galvanic cell 93
gamma rays 93
gamma(-ray) quantum 93
gamma-decay 93
gamma-radiation 93
gas 91
gas constant 92, 630
gas discharge 92
gas equation 637, 638, 641
gaseous pressure 112
gauss (Gs) 96
Gauss theorem of electrostatic field
in substance 581
Gauss theorem of electrostatic field
in vacuum 580
Gauss theorem of magnetic field 580
Gaussian system of units 96
Gay-Lussac law 165
general equation of thermodynamics 353
general relativity theory 353
generating force 86
geometrical optics 96
Gibbs energy 512, 728
Gibbs phase rule 452
Gibbs thermodynamic potential 512
Gibbs-Helmholtz equation 642
giga... (G) 97
gilbert (Gb) 100
gimlet rule 449, 451
glancing collision 256
glass transition 564
glass transition temperature 576
glassy state 564
glow discharge 609
gluons 104
graph of oscillation 108
graph of wave 108
grating spectrum 138
gravitational constant 106, 432
gravitational field 107, 417
gravitational force 106, 521, 530
gravitational intensity 337
gravitational interaction 106
gravitational mass 105
gravitational wave 105
graviton 108
gravity field 417
gravity force 531
gravity wave 105
777
Стр.777
GRAY (GY)
gray (Gy) 111
gray per second (Gy/s) 111
grey body 519
ground state of a quantized system 372
group of waves 78, 110
gyratory effect 101
gyratory force 101
gyro force 101
gyromagnetic deviation 100, 294
H
half-life period 398, 399
half-value period 398, 399
Hall constant 434
harmonic 93
harmonic analysis 94
harmonic excitation of oscillation 95
harmonic law 95
harmonic oscillation phase 650
harmonic oscillations 94
harmonic wave 93, 329
hearing threshold 428
heat 595
heat (thermal) death of Universe 586
heat capacity 591
heat capacity at constant pressure 201
heat capacity at constant volume 208
heat capacity of saturated vapor 592
heat coefficient 380
heat conduction 586, 594
heat efficiency 268, 599
heat energy 587
heat engine 585, 589
heat equilibrium 588
heat exchange 593
heat exchange through radiation 285, 484
heat expansion 588
heat flow 590
heat flow surface density 406
heat function 587
heat interchange 593
heat loss 593
heat motion 587
heat of combustion of fuel 598
heat of dissolution 597
heat of phase transition 598
778
heat of vaporization 596
heat pump 589
heat radiation 588
heat state 589
heat transfer 593
heater 334
heat-transfer equation 186, 187
heavy hydrogen 118, 619
heavy leptons 619
heavy water 619
hegto... (h) 96
Heisenberg indeterminacy principle 462, 547
Heisenberg indeterminacy relation 547
Heisenberg uncertainty principle 462, 547
Heisenberg uncertainty relation 547
Helmholtz free energy 512, 728
henry (H) 96
Henry law 166
hertz (Hz) 97
Hertz(ian) oscillator 63, 377
Hertz-Knudsen formula 663
Hess law 166
heterogeneous system 97
heteropolar bond 97, 224
Higgs boson 50, 676
Higgs field 676
high damping 535
high-coercivity material 294
high-field emission 21, 416
hole 153, 714
hole conductivity 153
hole semiconductor 422
homogeneous electric circuit section 359
homogeneous field 359
homogeneous medium 359
homogeneous physical value 359
homogeneous substance 359
homogenous system 105
homopolar bond 105, 246
Hooke law 167
horsepower (hp) 284
hot carrier 105
humid air 65
humid vapor 66
Huygens’ principle 459
Huygens–Fresnel principle 460
hydraulic machine 98
Стр.778
INTERFEROMETER
hydraulic press 98
hydraulic pressure 98
hydraulic resistance 98
hydraulics 98
hydroaeromechanics 99
hydrogasodynamics 99
hydrogen 471
hydrogen bond 73
hydrogen-like atom 73, 360
hydrometric state 377
hydrostatic 99
hydrostatic paradox 99
hydrostatic pressure 60, 100
hygroscopicity 98
hyperfine splitting 509
hyperons 100
hysteresis 101, 102
hysteresis curve 399
hysteresis dependence 102
hysteresis loop 399
I
ideal black body 18
ideal gas 199
ideal gas law 92, 637, 638, 641
ideal gas laws 92
ideal heat engine 199
ideal liquid 199
ideal scatterer 200
ideal solution 200
illuminating power 525
image space 470
image-side focal length 158
image-side focal point 158
image-side focus 158
impedance 219, 420
impulse 210
impulsive moment 325
impurity conduction 458
impurity energy levels 459
impurity photoconductivity 458
impurity semiconductor 459
in phase oscillations 536
increment of value 466
indeterminacy principle 462, 547
indeterminacy relation 547
index of adiabat 413, 415
index of adiabatic 415
index of polytrope 414
index of refraction 19, 380, 414
index of refraction of extraordinary ray 414
index of refraction of ordinary ray 415
indirect ionizing radiation 255
induced charge 213, 334
induced current 213
induced dipole electric moment 213
induced electric field 65, 213
induced luminescence 86
induced magnetic moment 214, 334
induced radiation 86, 213
inductance 62, 213
induction coefficient 213
inductive reactance 212
inert mass 214
inertia 215
inertial coordinate system 215
inertial force 215, 523
inertial frame 215
inertial system 215
infrared radiation 223
infrasound 223
inhomogeneous medium 343
inhomogeneous substance 343
initial instant time 340
instantaneous accelertion 302
instantaneous angular velocity 302
instantaneous rotation axis 301
instantaneous velocity 301
intensity gravitational field 337
intensity of gravity 106
intensity of light 217
intensity of radiation 216
intensive parameter 217
interaction 62
interaction force 521
interatomic bond 304
interatomic interaction 304
interference 219, 220
interference band of uniform inclination 218
interference band of uniform thickness 218
interference of light 220
interference pattern 218
interferometer 222
779
Стр.779
INTERMEDIATE VECTOR BOSON
intermediate vector boson 468
intermolecular forces 306, 533
intermolecular interaction 306
intermolecular potential 438
internal circuit 70
internal energy 71
internal force 70
internal friction 70, 88
internal friction forces 534
internal magnetic field 69
internal parameters 70
internal pressure 69
internal resistance of current source 69
international (practical) system of units 305
international temperature scale 305
intrinsic conduction 545
intrinsic line width 155, 483
intrinsic moment of momentum 546
intrinsic photoconductivity 545
intrinsic photoeffect 70
intrinsic time 546
invariance 212
invariant 212
inverse resonance 500
inversion curve 270
ionic bond 97, 224
ionic crystal’s 224
ionic emission 224
ionic ferroelectric 224, 518
ionic polarization 223
ionic potential 438
ionization 223
ionization potential 438
ionizing potential 438
ionizing radiation 223
ionoluminescence 225
irradiance 352, 368, 407, 722
irradiation dose 150, 697
irrational number 225
irreversibility 342
irreversibility process 343
isentrope 209, 210
isentropic process 210
isobar 201
isobaric heat capacity 201
isobaric process 201
780
isobaric-adiabatic thermodynamic
potential 202
isobaric-isentropic thermodynamic
potential 202
isobaric-isothermal thermodynamic
potential 202, 512
isobars 203
isochore 207
isochoric coefficient of pressure 208
isochoric heat capacity 208
isochoric process 208, 209
isochoric-adiabatic thermodynamic
potential 71, 208
isochoric-isentropic thermodynamic
potential 208
isochoric-isotermal thermodynamic
potential 512
isochoric-isothermal thermodynamic
potential 208
isolated mechanical system 203
isolated system 193, 203
isolated thermodynamic system 203, 193
isotherm 204
isothermal compressibility 204
isothermal process 204
isotone 206
isotopes 206
isotopic multiplet 203, 206
isotopic spin 203, 206
isotropic medium 207
isotropic point source 207, 482
isotropic substance 207
isotropism 207
J
joule (J) 123
joule heat 123
joule per cubed meter (J/m) 124
joule per kelvin (J/K) 123
joule per kilogram-kelvin (J/(kg · K)) 123
joule per mole-kelvin (J/(mol · K)) 124
joule per squared meter (J/m) 123
Joule-Lenz law 169
Joule law 169
junction 629
Стр.780
LEVEL WIDTH
K
kaon 229
K-capture 240
kelvin (K) 239
kelvin minus first power (K–1
Kepler laws 188
kilo... (k) 240
kilogram (kg) 240
kilogram per cubed meter (kg/m) 240
kilogram per mole (kg/mol) 241
kilogram-force (kgf kG) 241
kilogram-force-meter (kgf · m kG · m) 241
kilogram-meter per second (kg · m/s) 240
kilogram-squared meter (kg · m) 240
kilogram-squared meter per second
(kg · m/s) 240
kinematic characteristics 241
kinematic excitation of oscillation 241
kinematic viscosity 260
kinematic viscosity coefficient 260
kinematics 241
kinetic energy 242
kinetic equilibrium 130
kinetic momentum 210
kinetic momentum of particle 211
kinetic theory of gases 242
Kirchhoff law 174
Kirchhoff rules 449
K-meson 246
Knudsen number 691
k-space 269
L
labile state 277
laminar flow 277
Laplace pressure 278
Laplace law 177
Large Hadron Collider 50
Larmor theorem 582
lattice defects 120
law conservation and transformation
of energy 184
law of action and reaction 163, 616
law of change of angular momentum
of mechanical system 174
) 240
law of change of mechanical energy 173
law of change of mechanical system
momentum 173
law of communicating vessels 182
law of conservation and transformation of
energy 630
law of conservation of angular
momentum 185
law of conservation of baryon charge 183
law of conservation of electric charge 186
law of conservation of isotopic spin 183
law of conservation of lepton(ic) charge 184
law of conservation of mass 184
law of conservation of mechanical energy 184
law of conservation of momentum 183
law of conservation of strangeness 185
law of corresponding states 182
law of dispersion 170
law of equipartition of energy 180, 584
law of gravitation 164
law of inertia 174, 390
law of motion of a material point 168, 375
law of parallel axes 581, 584
law of partial pressures 168
law of total current for magnetic field
in vacuum 180
law of velocity adding 181, 245
law of velocity addition 504
law of volumes 165
laws of conservation 190
laws of electrolysis 191
laws of geometrical optics 188
laws of reflection 189
least distance of distinct vision 493
least equivalent of light 313
least time principle 466
left-hand polarization 278
left-hand rule 449
Lenard-Jones potential 438
lenght of coherence 148
length 147
lens 281
Lenz rule 450
lepton(ic) charge 278
leptons 278
level of physical value 645
level width 694
781
Стр.781
LIFE TIME
life time 82
lift 412
light 509
light damping 541
light flux 511
light pressure 113, 510
light quantum 239
light ray 284
light vector 510
limiting friction 108
line 281
line of collision 282
line of flux 282
line width 693
linear deformation 279
linear density of electric charge 279
linear dichroism 281
linear electric charge density 279
linear magnification 280
linear mechanical system 280
linear momentum 210, 249
linear oscillating system 279
linear polarization of light 280, 403
linear strain 279
linear system 280
linear velocity 280
linearly polarized light 280, 404
liquefaction 519
liquid 157
Lissajous figures 656
liter (l) 282
logarithmic damping decrement 283
logarithmic decrement 283
logarithmic decrement of decay 283
logarithmic value 282
long sight 115
longitudinal deformation 467, 279
longitudinal magnetostriction 467
longitudinal wave 467
long-range order 114
Lorentz contraction 284, 379
Lorentz equation 643
Lorentz force 524
Lorentz formula 664
Lorentz transformation laws 455
Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction 379
Lorentz-Maxwell equation 643
782
Lorenz constant 691
Loschmidt number 691
loss angle 623
loudness level 645
low temperatures 347
low-coercivity material 295
lumen (lm) 285
lumen equivalent 511
lumen per squared meter (lm/m) 285
lumenous energy 510
lumen-second (lm · s) 285
luminescence 285
luminophor 286
luminosity 509
luminous (energy) power 521
luminous emittance 509
luminous ray 511
lux (lx) 285
lux-second (lx · s) 285
M
macrocosm 304
macrophysical system 296
macroscopic state 296
macroscopic system 296
macroscopical body 296
macrosystem 295
macroworld 295
magic nucleus 286
magnetic 287
magnetic (field) intensity 337
magnetic (induction) flux 292, 445
magnetic anisotropy 287
magnetic circuit 290
magnetic component of Lorentz force 290
magnetic dipole 292
magnetic field 291
magnetic field line 289, 290
magnetic field strength 337
magnetic flux quantization 236
magnetic force 337
magnetic hysteresus 292
magnetic iductivity 289
magnetic induction 711
magnetic material 292
magnetic moment 292
Стр.782
MICROSCOPE
magnetic permeability 289
magnetic permittivity of vacuum 289
magnetic properties 291
magnetic quantum number 291
magnetic rotation 290
magnetic skin effect 293
magnetic spin quantum number 291
magnetic susceptibility 287
magnetic vector 291
magnetic vector of radiation 291
magnetic vector potential 58
magnetic-flux linkage 447
magnetic-flux linkage of mutual
induction 447
magnetic-flux linkage of self-inductance 447
magnetization 56, 335, 336
magnetization current 610
magnetomechanical deviation 294
magnetomotive force 293
magneton 287
magnetostatic field 295
magnetostriction 295
magnifying glass 284
magnifying lens 284
main absorption index 104
main quantum number 103
majority charge carriers 376
Malus law 177
manometer 52, 297
mass 298
mass concentration 298
mass defect 120
mass flow 299
mass force 299
mass number 299
mass of particle at rest 298
mass point particle 300
mass ratio 298, 299
mass spectrum 553
mass spectrum of particles 553
mass-energy equivalence principle 163
mass-energy relation 163
material point 168, 300
mathematical pendulum 299
mathematical pendulum oscillation
period 397
matter 300
maxwell (Mx) 297
Maxwell distribution 490
Maxwell equations 643
Maxwell reciprocity equations 549, 642
Maxwell relations 549
Maxwell rule 450
Maxwell velocity distribution function 490
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 491
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics 562
Mayer equation 638
mean acceleration 558
mean angular acceleration 558
mean angular speed 561
mean free (path) length 559
mean free path length 559
mean free time 557
mean kinetic molecular energy 560
mean path velocity 560
mean speed 560
mean velocity 561
mechanical energy 313
mechanical equilibrium 421
mechanical equivalent of heat 314
mechanical motion 314
mechanical oscillation 314
mechanical power 313
mechanical state 315
mechanical stress 314
mechanical system 313
mechanical work 313
mechanics 312
mega... (M) 303
melting 400
melting temperature 576
meniscus 308
meson 308
metal 309
metallic bond 309
metallic crystal 309
metastable state 310
meter (m) 311
meter minus first power (m–1
meter per second (m/s) 312
micro... (µ) 316
microcorpuscle 316
microcosm 316
microscope 316
783
) 312
Стр.783
MICROSCOPIC STATE
microscopic state 316
microworld 316
milli... (m) 317
minority charge carriers 344
mirror reflection 197
mobile equilibrium 130
modulated oscillation 318
modulation of oscillations 319
modulus of dilatation 318
modulus of elasticity 319
modulus of molecular velocity distribution
function 490, 647
molality 322
molar concentration 323
molar density 323
molar heat capacity 323, 324
molar heat capacity at constant pressure 323
molar heat capacity at constant volume 323
molar mass 323
molar ratio 322
molar volume 324
molarity 323, 324
mole (mol) 322
molecular bond 304, 306, 320
molecular crystal 322
molecular gas 321
molecular interaction 306
molecular mass 319, 377
molecular mean life in lattic point 557
molecular physics 320
molecular polarizability 426
molecular spectrum 322, 554
molecular velocity distribution function 490
molecular-kinetic interpretation of
temperature 320
molecular-kinetic method 321
molecular-kinetic theory 321
molecule 319
mole-fraction concentration 322
moment arm 402
moment of a couple 328
moment of force 328
moment of inertia 327
moment of magnet 292
moment of momentum 325
momental equation 639
momentary acceleration 302
784
momentary angular velocity 302
momentary axis of revolution 301
momentary velocity 301
momentum 212
momentum of material point 211
momentum of mechanical system 211
momentum of particle 211
momentum of quantum particle 210
momentum space 470
monochromatic absorption coefficient 329,
551
monochromatic radiation 330
monochromatic wave 329
monoenergetic radiation 330
monolauer 329
monomolecular layer 329
Moseley law 178
most probable speed 335
most probable velocity 60
moving wave 44
multicomponent system 317
multiple units 270
multiplet 333
mu-meson 333
muon 333
mutual force 521
mutual inductance 62, 257
mutual induction 62, 257
N
nano... (n) 336
natural frequency
natural light 156
natural oscillation 513, 546
natural radioactive background 156
Neel temperature 575, 614
negative ion 381
negative lens 49
neper (Np) 344
Nepierian base 371
Nepierian number 344
Nernst (heat) theorem 6, 587
Nernst hypothesis 100
Nernst principle 616
Nernst theorem 583
neutrino 34
Стр.784
OPTICAL POWER
neutron 341
newton (N) 350
newton per meter (N/m) 350
Newton rings 249
Newtonian liquid 351
Newtonian mechanics 351
newton-meter (N · m) 350
Newton laws 188
Newton second law 84
newton-second (N · s) 351
nicol 347,458
Nicol prism 458
nodal points 629
node 629
nonadditive physical value 340
nonconservative force 342
nonconservative system 342
nonequilibrium process 346
nonequilibrium state 346
nonequilibrium thermodynamics 346
non-homogeneous electric circuit
section 343
non-homogeneous field 343
noninertial coordinate system 340
noninertial system 340
nonisotropic medium 35
non-Newtonian flow 619
nonpolar dielectric 345
nonpolar molecule 344
nonpolarized light 344
nonpotential force 345
nonradiative transition 360
nonrelativistic particle 346
non-saturated vapor 342
non-self-maintained discharge 347
nonstatic process 347
normal 347
normal acceleration 348
normal dispersion 347, 381
normal fluid 351
normal pressure force 525
normal stress 348
normal viewing distance 493
n-type conductivity 467, 714
n-type impurity 150
n-type semiconductor 422
nuclear 349
nuclear chain reactions 684
nuclear decay 119
nuclear radius 486
nucleon 349
nucleosynthesis 349
nuclide 349
null-gravity state 549
number e 690
number of degrees of freedom of
molecule 692
number of harmonic 347
number pi 691
numerical coefficient 693
numerical value 45
O
object glass 353
object space 471
object(-side) focal point 391
objective 353
objective lens 353
object-side focal length 391
object-side focus 391
occluded gas 360
occlusion 360
octave 360
ocular 360
ocular lens 360
off-center collision 347
ohm (Ω) 361
ohmic resistance 361
ohm-meter (Ω · m) 361
Ohm law 178
open system 377
optical (path) length 362
optical activity 361
optical anisotropic medium 364
optical anisotropy 361
optical axis 362
optical density 362
optical focus 660
optical image 365
optical interference 220
optical oscillation 364
optical path 364
optical power 363
785
Стр.785
OPTICAL PYROMETRY
optical pyrometry 362
optical radiation 365
optical rotation 81
optical rotation angle 622
optical system 364
optical system aberration 13
optically active substance 364
optically dense medium 364
optically rare(fied) medium 364
orbital impulsive moment 368
orbital magnetic moment 366
orbital moments 366, 555
ordinary ray 359
ordinary ray refraction index 415
orientation(al) polarization 130
orientational polarization 368
orthogonal system of coordinate 473
oscillating circuit 248, 703
oscillating system 248
oscillating value 248
oscillation 247
oscillation addition 542
oscillation equation 637
oscillation period 396
oscillation period of circuit 398, 666
oscillation phase 650
oscillation rate of particle 248, 539
oscillation spectrum 553
oscillator 376
oscillatory system 248
osmosis 370, 745
osmotic collapse 370
osmotic pressure 145, 370
osmotic shock 370
own photoconductivity 545
P
pain threshold 428
parallel connection of conductors 382
parallel oscillating circuit 383
parallel resonance 384, 500
paramagnet 384
paramagnetic Curie point 575, 613
paramagnetic material 384
paramagnetism 384
parameter of diffraction 386
786
parametric excitation of oscillation 387
parametric oscillation 386
parametric resonance 386
paraxial pencil of light 382
paraxial region 382
partial pressure 387
partially polarized light 688
particle 245, 296, 688
particle (number) density 254
particle displacement resonance 499
particulate 296
pascal (Pa) 388
Pascal law 179
pascal-second (Pa · s) 388
pascal-second per cubed metre (Pa · s/m) 388
path 474
Pauli exclusion principle 462
peak-to-peak amplitude 115
penetrating radiation 157, 468
perfect crystal 200
perfect gas 199
perfect gas equation 637, 638, 641
perfect gas law 637, 638, 641
perfect vacuum 18
perfectly black body 18
performance coefficient 262
period of revolution 395, 398
periodic function 396
periodic law 396
periodic oscillation 396
periodic system 395
perpendicular magnetostriction 428
perpetuum mobile of the first kind 61
perpetuum mobile of the second kind 61
phase diagram 124, 651
phase difference 487, 517
phase displacement 654
phase equilibrium 653
phase modulation 651
phase shift 654
phase space 652
phase space cell 246, 652, 752
phase spectrum 654
phase state 21
phase trajector 652
phase transformation 652
phase transition 653
Стр.786
POLARIZER
phase transition of first kind 654
phase transition of second kind 654
phase velocity 651
phase volume 653
phase-rule diagram 124, 126
phonon 660
phosphor 286
phosphor crystal 272
phosphorescence 669
photoconductivity 671
photocurrent 672
photodielectric effect 669
photoeffect 672, 673
photoelasticity 672
photoelectric effect 672
photoelectric threshold frequency 269
photoelectricity 672
photoelectromotive force 672
photoelectron 672
photoemission 672, 67
photoionization 669
photoluminescence 670
photometric value 670
photometry 670
photon 671
photon radiation 671
physical field 416, 658
physical kinetics 658
physical law 658
physical object 658
physical pendulum 658
physical pendulum oscillation period 397
physical unit 154
physical value 658
physical value level 645
physics 657
pi (π) 399
pico... (p) 399
picture of diffraction 135
picture of interference 218
piezoelectric effect 475
piezoelectric piezocristal 475
pi-mesons 399
pion 399
pions 399
Planck constant 432
Planck formula 664
Planck hypothesis 100
Planck radiation law 173, 664
plane capacitor 403
plane motion of solid body 403
plane of incidence 404
plane of reflection 404
plane of refraction 404
plane polarization of light 280, 403
plane space 404
plane wave 402
plane-polarized light 280, 404
plasma 401
plastic deformation 401
plasticity 402
p-n-transition 406
point 613
point body 613
point defect 613
point electric charge 613
point mass 613
point of phase transition 614
point source 613
poise (P) 674
Poiseuille formula 663
Poisson coefficient 263
Poisson equation 640
Poisson ratio 415
polar coordinate system 427
polar dielectric 428
polar ferroelectric 130, 428, 518
polar molecule 427
polar system of coordinates 427
polarimeter 427
polarizability 59, 217, 426
polarization by deformation 150
polarization current 611
polarization of light 424
polarization of medium 424, 425
polarization of particles 425
polarization of substance 424
polarization of waves 424
polarization plane 404
polarization vector 426
polarized light analyzer 34
polarized radiation 426
polarized wave 425
polarizer 423
787
Стр.787
POLARIZING ANGLE
polarizing angle 622, 623
polarizing prism 423
polaroid 428
polycrystal 417
polytrope 417
polytropic index 414
polytropic process 418
polytropo equation 640
positive ion 422
positive lens 544
positive normal 421
positron 412
positron beta decay 413
positronium 412
postulates of mechanical states 436
postulates of restricted relativity 436
postulates of special relativity theory 436
postulates of special theory of relativity 436
potential 437
potential (energy) well 441
potential barrier 443
potential difference of electrostatic field 487
potential electric field 442
potential energy 440
potential energy curve 108, 440
potential field 441
potential field forces 442
potential hill 443
potential(-field) force 253, 440
power 330
power coefficient 260
power dissipation 134
power of absorption dose 331
power of absorption dose of ionizing
radiation 331
power of equivalent dose 332
power of equivalent dose of ionizing
radiation 333
power of exposure dose 333
power of exposure dose of roentgen
and gamma radiation 333
power of radiation dose 331
Poynting vector 58
Poynting equation 639
pressure 33
principal axis of lens 102
principal diffraction maximum 103
788
principal diffraction minimum 103
principal equation of kinematics 375, 374
principal focus 104
principal law of dynamics 84, 375
principal law of kinematics 375
principal laws of dynamics 188
principal laws of mechanics 376
principal plane of optical system 102
principal point of optical system 103
principle of action and reaction 163
principle of entropy increase 83
principle of equipartition of energy 579, 584
principle of equivalency 466
principle of force superposition 465
principle of light velocity invariance 462
principle of near action 459
principle of relativity 462
principle of relativity of classical
mechanics 313
principle of remote action 461
probability 60, 299
process function 674
proportional coefficient 263
protium 471
proton 471
proton decay 472
proton radiation 472
proton radioactive 472
psychrometer 474
p-type conductivity 153, 467, 474
p-type impurity 29
p-type semiconductor 422
pure resistance 27
pyroelectric 400
pyroelectric effect 400
pyrometer 400
pyrometry 400
Q
Q-quality 149
quality 149
quantity of electricity 249
quantity of heat 249
quantity of radiation 150
quantity of substance 248
quantum field theory 236
Стр.788
REAUMUR SCALE
quantum mechanics 236
quantum number 237
quantum of action 235, 432
quantum oscillator 238
quantum output of photoeffect 238
quantum particle 237
quantum physics 237
quantum state 237
quantum statistics 238
quantum system 236
quantum transition 239
quarks 239
quasi-elastic force 234
quasi-momentum 233
quasi-particle 235
quasi-particle gas 91
quasi-static process 234
quasi-steady state 234
R
radian per meter (rad/m) 483
radian per second (rad/s) 482
radian per squared second (rad/s2
radiance 724
) 483
radian-squared meter per kilogram
(rad · m/kg) 482
radiant exposure 724
radiant heat exchange 285
radiant temperature radiation temperature
483
radiation spectrum 553
radiation 200, 484
radiation dose 150, 697
radiation flux 285, 445
radiation heat exchange 285, 484
radiation power 331, 445
radiation pressure 113
radiation pyrometer 483
radiation pyrometry 483
radiation transmission 486
radiationless transition 360
radioactive background 484
radioactive chain 484
radioactive decay 485
radioactive disintegration constant 432
radioactive family 484
radioactive nuclide 485
radioactive radiation 484
radioactive series 484
radioactive transformation chain 484, 485
radioactive transformation family 485
radioactive transformation series 484
radioactivity 484
radioluminescence 485
radionuclide 485
radionuclide activity 27
radionuclide half-life period 399
radionuclide half-value period 399
radionuclide life average time 560
radionuclide radioactive disintegration
constant 433
radionuclide survival average time 560
radius of coherence 486
radius of trajectory curvature 486
radius-vector 485
random oscillation 543
Rankine scale 694, 578
Rankine scale of temperature 578
Raoult law 180
rate of condensation 539
rate of evaporation 539
rate of vaporization 539
rational number 225
ray 284
ray optics 284, 96
Rayleigh criterion 272
Rayleigh scattering 507
Rayleigh–Jeans equation 665
Rayleigh–Jeans formula 665
reactance 495
reaction of support 495
reactive force 494
reactive motion 495
reactive power 494
real focal point 117
real focus 117
real gas 496
real image 116
real number 116
real power 26
real resistance 361
rear focus 158
Reaumur scale 578, 694
789
Стр.789
REAUMUR SCALE OF TEMPERATURE
Reaumur scale of temperature 578
reciprocal relations 549
reciprocity principle 179, 463
recombination 501
recombination luminescence 501
recombination radiation 501
rectifying contact 406
red shift 256
reduced length of physical pendulum 456
reduced molar volume 458
reduced pressure 456
reduced state parameters 457
reduced temperature 456
reduced Van der Waals equation 457
reference frame 536
reflecting ability 381
reflection coefficient 261
reflection in a plane 197
reflectivity 381
refracting angle of prism 454
refraction 454
refraction angle 623
refraction of light 454
refractive index 19, 380, 414
region of wet vapor 351
regular reflection 197
regularity 179
relative acceleration 379
relative dielectric permittivity 146
relative dielectric susceptibility 145, 377
relative index of refraction 380
relative magnetic iductivity 377
relative magnetic inductivity 289
relative magnetic permittivity 289
relative motion 378
relative spectral light efficiency 378
relative spectral sensitivity of eye 378
relative velocity 378
relative visibility 376, 378
relativistic contraction 284, 379
relativistic dynamics 374
relativistic effects 503
relativistic energy 503
relativistic interval 469
relativistic law of velocity addition 504
relativistic mass 298, 502
relativistic mechanics 502
790
relativistic momentum 504
relativistic particle 244
relativistic velocity 569
relativity of simultaneity 380
relativity velocity 502
relaxation 501
relaxation process 501
relaxation time 82
relict radiation 502
remanent magnetism 376
remanent magnetization 376
residual magnetization 376
residual polarization 376
resilience 634
resistance 549, 708
resistance force 526
resistor 708
resolution limit of an optical device 453
resolving power of an optical device 488
resolving power of an spectral device 488
resonance 496
resonance curve 498
resonance curve width 693
resonance frequency 37
resonance particle 498
rest mass 298
restoring force 73, 80
resultant atomic moment 421
resultant electronic moment 421
reverberation 496
reverberation time 82
reverse cycle 352
reversible process 352
Reynolds criterion 692
rheologic liquid 505
rheology 506
right-hand polarization 452
right-hand rule 449
rigid body 17
rigid coupling 157
rigidity modulus 318
roentgen (R) 505
Roentgen luminescence 505
roentgen per second (R/s) 505
Roentgen radiation 505
Roentgen rays 284, 505
rolling friction force 528
Стр.790
SOUND PRESSURE
root-mean-square molecular speed 559
rotation axis 301
rotation frequency 689
rotation of plane of polarization 81
rotational moment 81
rotational motion 80
rotatory polarization of light 275, 687
running wave 44
S
saturated solution 339
saturated vapor 338
saturation current 611
saturation curve 270, 281
saturation vapor pressure 113
scalar 537
scalar physical value 537
scalar product 537
scalar value 537
scale of temperature 576
scatter(ing) index 264
scattered reflection 145
scattering 493
scattering coefficient 264
scattering index 264, 415
Schrödinger equation 641
second (s) 518
second focal length 158
second focal point 158
second law of thermodynamics 83
second minus first power (s–
) 519
second quantum number 26
secondary cell 26
secondary electron emission 83
secondary optical axis of lens 407
selection rule 450
self-energy 546
self-excitation of oscillations 507
self-excitation of vibrations 507
self-excited oscillation 20
self-induced oscillation 20
self-inductance 213, 264
self-induction 507
self-magnetic field 546
self-maintained discharge 508
self-maintained oscillation 20
self-sustained discharge 508
semiconductor 422
semiconductor’s conductivity 467
semipermeable membrane 422
sensible heat 595, 735
series connection of conductors 429
series oscillating circuit 430
series resistor 148
series resonance 431, 497
setup time 83
shear modulus 318
shearing strain 122
shearing stress 232
shock wave 537, 625
short sight 49
short-range order 49
shunt 695
shunt resistance 695
SI 520
siemens (S) 535
siemens per metre (S/m) 535
sigle-isolated conductor 629
similarty theory 585
simple harmonic wave 329
simple liquid 351
simple pendulum 299
single cristal 329
SI-system 305
sivert 197
sivert per second 198
skin 537
skin-effect 537
sliding friction 615
sliding friction force 529
Snell law 182
solid body 571
solidification 193
solubility 494
solution 493
solution specific rotation 432, 627
sonic wave 28, 196
sound 195
sound dispersion 133
sound intensity 216
sound particle velocity 248
sound pitch 88
sound pressure 196
791
Стр.791
SOUND VOLUME
sound volume 109
sound wave 28, 196
space 470
space charge density 355, 469
space metric 312
space quantization 469
space-time 470
space-time interval 469
space-time metric 312
spark discharge 225
spatial coherence 468
spatial density of radiant energy 355
spatial quantization 469
special relativity theory 554, 566, 689
specific charge 628
specific electrical conductivity 627
specific electrical resistance 628
specific electrical resistivity 627, 628
specific flow 628
specific heat 626
specific heat at constant pressure 625
specific heat at constant volume 625
specific heat flow 628
specific heat of combustion of fuel 626
specific heat of fusion 626
specific heat of liquefaction 626
specific heat of melting 626
specific heat of vaporization 626
specific resistance 627
specific volume 628
spectral absorbing ability 551
spectral density of optical value 550
spectral density of radiant emittance 551
spectral emissive ability 551
spectral light efficiency 552
spectral line 550
spectral sensitivity of eye 552
spectrum 549
spectrum line 550
spectrum of wave 553
specular reflection 197
speed 538
spherical aberration 569
spherical wave 570
spin 555
spin quantum number 555
spin-orbit interaction 556
792
spin-orbit splitting 556, 612
spin-spin interaction 556
splitting 544
splitting of energy level 544
spontaneous luminescence 556
spontaneous magnetization 556
spontaneous magnetization domain 557
spontaneous nuclear decay 557
spontaneous polarization 556
spontaneous polarization vector 557
spontaneous radiation 557
spread(ing) lens 492
spring pendulum 397
spring pendulum oscillation period 397
squared meter (m2
) 233
squared meter per second (m/s) 233
stabilization time 83
standard (sea-level) conditions 348
standard atmospheric pressure 348
Standard model 561
standing wave 567
Stark splitting 695
starting phase 340
starting phase of harmonic oscillation 340
starting phase of oscillation 340
state equation 640
state function 675
state parameters 387
static deflection 564
static friction 615
static friction force 528
static magnetic field 564
static pressure 60, 563
static process 563
stationary magnetic field 564
stationary mass 298
stationary state 564
stationary wave immobile wave 567
statistical mechanics 563
statistical physics 563
statistical weight 563
steady state 564
steady(-state) oscillation 650
steam engine 387
Stefan-Boltzmann constant 433
Stefan-Boltzmann law 186
steradian (sr) 566
Стр.792
THERMODYNAMIC(AL) EQUILIBRIUM
stilb (sb) 566
stimulated radiation 86
stokes (St) 566
Stokes force 527
Stokes formula 666
Stokes rule 186, 452
storage 26
straight-line collision 473
strain 516
strange particles 568
strangeness 568
strength 472
stripped atom 42
strong interaction 535
subelementary particles 674
subelemenyary particles 569
sublimation 569
submultiple units 150
subnuclear 349
subsidiary unit 66
substance 62
substance specific rotation 432, 627
superconductivity destruction current 274
supercooled liquid 394
supercooled vapor 394
superfluidity 508
superheated liquid 390
superheated vapor 390
superheavy hydrogen 617
superposition of electric field 465
superposition of electric field intensity 464
superposition of electrostatic field
potential 465
superposition principle 464
supersaturated vapor 395
support 361
surface 406
surface energy 408
surface forces 409
surface layer 410
surface phenomena 410
surface tension 261
surface wave 407
surface-active substance 408
survival time 82
survival time of oscillation 83
suspension 569
swing of oscillating value 487
synchronous oscillations 536
system of axes 536
system of physical value 536
system of reference 536
system of units 536
system of value 536
T
tangential acceleration 571
telescope 571
temperature 573
temperature conductivity 579
temperature radiation 579, 588
temperature scale 576
temperature wave 576
tension 340
tensor physical value 579
tera... (T) 598
tesla (T) 609
test charge 466
theorem of equipartition of energy 579, 584
theorem on kinetic energy 583
thermal balance 588, 599
thermal coefficients 598
thermal conduction 586, 594
thermal conductivity 265
thermal conductivity coefficient 265
thermal efficiency 268, 599
thermal electromotive force 608, 609
thermal energy 587
thermal equilibrium 588, 599
thermal expansion 588
thermal flow 590
thermal phenomena 590
thermal pump 589
thermal radiation 588
thermal resistance 589
thermionic emission 609
thermo-couple 608
thermodeformation system 599
thermodynamic diagram 124
thermodynamic process 296
thermodynamic(al) coordinate 600
thermodynamic(al) diagram 600
thermodynamic(al) equilibrium 606
793
Стр.793
THERMODYNAMIC(AL) IDENTITY
thermodynamic(al) identity 607
thermodynamic(al) method 605
thermodynamic(al) parameters 603
thermodynamic(al) potentials 604
thermodynamic(al) probability 600
thermodynamic(al) process 605
thermodynamic(al) scale 602
thermodynamic(al) state 606
thermodynamic(al) system 601
thermodynamic(al) temperature 601
thermodynamical equilibrium 549
thermodynamics 599
thermoelastic system 608
thermoelectromotive force 608, 609
thermoelectron emission 609
thermometer 607
thermonuclear reaction 609
thin lens 612
thin lens formula 666
third law of thermodynamics 616
threshold of detectability 428
threshold of discomfort 428
throttling 151
throttling effect 151
tight coupling 157
timbre of sound 572
time 82
time coherence 81
time dilatation 379
time dilation 379
time interval 218
time metric 312
time of coherence 82
time of vibration 396
time slowdown 192, 379
Torricelly formula 667
torsional strain 121
tortuous trajectory 270
total amplitude 115
total current 421
total energy 419
total heat 595
total internal reflection 419
total pressure 420
total radiator 18
total reflection 419
towing force 530
794
tractive force 530
train of wave 688
trajectory 614
transformation laws of electric and magnetic
field 189
transformation of coordinates and time 455
transition probability 60
translational acceleration 393
translational motion of a body 437
translational speed 392
translational velocity 392
transmission coefficient 263
transmission spectrum 554
transport coefficients 268
transport equations 189
transversal wave 428
transverse magnetostriction 428
transverse wave 428
travel(l)ing wave 44
triboluminescence 616
triple point 617
tritium 617
triton 617
true resistance 361
truly neutral particle 227
tunnel emission 21, 618
tunneling effect 618
turbulent flow 65, 619
twisting strain 121
two-slit interference 220, 365
U
ultimate strength 453
ultrasound 629
ultraviolet radiation 630
Umov vector 59
unavailable energy 516
uncertainty principle 462, 548
uniaxial crystal 359
uniaxial crystal principal plane 102
unimolecular layer 329
unit of measurement 154
unit physical value 154
unit vector 154, 368
universal gravitational law 164
unpolarized light 156
Стр.794
WATT PER SQUARED METER-KELVIN
upper Curie point 575, 613
useful work 416, 488
V
vacancy 51
vacuum 52
vacuum gauge 52
vacuum polarization 424
valence band 53
valence cristal 53
Van der Waals bond 53, 320
Van der Waals constants 434
Van der Waals equation 635
Van der Waals forces 53, 533
Van der Waals gas 53
Van-der-Waals isotherm 205
Van’t Hoff law 162
vapor 381
vapor isotherm 206
vaporization 225
vaporization heat 596
var 54
vector 55
vector field 57
vector of magnetic induction 56
vector product 57
vector(ial) sum 56
vector(ial) value 55
vector(ial) physical value 56
velocity 538
velocity addition theorem 181, 245
velocity of electromagnetic wave 540
velocity of light 540
velocity of light in vacuum 540
velocity of sound 538
velocity resonance 498
velocity space 471
velocity(-time) graph 109
vibration antinode 475
vibration node 629
viewing angle of image 622
viewing angle of object 622
virgin magnetization curve 372
virtual focal point 317
virtual focus 317
virtual image 317
virtual particle 64
virtual state 64
viscosity 88, 257
viscosity coefficient 257
viscosity-temperature relation 160
viscous equation 165
viscous friction forces 534
visibility 63, 552
visibility curve 270
visibility of fringes 254, 385, 674
visible magnification 63
visual field of optical system 416
volt (V) 80
volt per meter (V/m) 80
voltage 336, 707
voltage across circuit section 336
voltage drop 336, 381
voltage resonance 431, 497
volt-ampere (V · A) 80
voltmeter 80
volt-meter (V · m) 80
volume 353
volume compressibility 261
volume deformation 354
volume density of charge 355
volume density of luminous energy 354
volume density of radiant energy 355
volume energy density 355
volume energy density of elastic wave 357
volume energy density of electromagnetic
wave 357
volume energy density of electrostatic
field 358
volume magnetic (field) energy density 356
volume ratio 354, 358
volume strain 354
volumetric molar concentration 323
vortex field 65
vortical field 65
W
watt (W) 54
watt per meter-kelvin (W/(m · K)) 55
watt per squared meter (W/m2
) 54
watt per squared meter-kelvin
(W/(m2
· K)) 55
795
Стр.795
WATT PER STERADIAN — ZERO-POINT VIBRATIONS
watt per steradian (W/sr) 55
watt per steradian-squared meter
(W/(sr · m2
)) 55
wattless power 494
wave 74
wave amplitude 32
wave diffraction 138
wave dispersion 132
wave equation 77
wave front divide method 310
wave function 76
wave intensity 216
wave interference 219
wave length 147
wave mechanics 75, 236
wave number 77
wave on the surface liquid 75
wave packet 78
wave phase 650
wave resistance 77
wave spectrum 553
wave surface 75
wave train 688
wave vector 77
wave velocity 538
wave-corpuscle duality 254
wave-particle duality 254
waves absorption 411
weak electric field 541
weak interaction 541
weak magnetic field 541
weber (Wb) 55
Weber–Fechner law 163
weight of a body 60
weightlessness 340, 549
Weiss (ferromagnetic) domain 292
well 441
wetting 543
wetting angle 623
width of interference band 693
Wiedemann–Franz relation 164
Wien constant 431
Wien displacement law 181
Wien formula 662
work 475, 478
work of a force 479
work of an exit 478
work of isoprocess 477
work of phase transition 478
work of rotation 478
working substance 481
world interval 505
X
X-radiation 505
X-ray diffraction 142
Y
Young modulus 319
Z
Zeeman splitting 196
zero dimension physical value 45
zero energy 349
zero law of thermodynamics 350
zero-point vibrations 350
796
Стр.796