Lexicology: A Current Guide (1500,00 руб.)

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Г.Н. Бабич LEXICOLOGY: A CURRENT GUIDE ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЯ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА Учебное пособие 10-е издание, стереотипное Допущено Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации в качестве учебного пособия для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по специальности «Иностранный язык» Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2019

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УДК 811.111’373(075.8) ББК 81.432.1-3я73 Б12 Р е ц е н з е н т ы : д-р филол. наук, проф. О.М. Карпова (Ивановский государственный университет); д-р филол. наук, проф. О.А. Леонтович (Волгоградский государственный педагогический университет) Б12 Бабич Г.Н. Lexicology : A Current Guide. Лексикология английского языка [Электронный ресурс] : учеб. пособие / Г.Н. Бабич. — 10-е изд., стер. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2019. — 200 с. ISBN 978-5-9765-0249-9 В пособии освещены основные проблемы лексикологии в соответствии с действующими государственными стандартами и программой по данному курсу для студентов гуманитарных вузов. Теоретический материал тесно связан с упражнениями и заданиями, цель которых помочь студентам в практическом овладении основами лексикологии. В каждой главе даны ключевые вопросы для контроля знаний. Заключительная часть пособия содержит вопросы для самоконтроля, аутентичные отрывки для комплексного лексикологического анализа, которые могут быть использованы на учебных занятиях и для самостоятельной работы при совершенствовании навыков владения современным английским языком, определении основных понятий и терминов курса. Для студентов факультетов иностранных языков, филологических факультетов, отделений лингвистики университетов, аспирантов и интересующихся проблемами слова. УДК 811.111’373(075.8) ББК 81.432.1-3я73 ISBN 978-5-9765-0249-9 © Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2008

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СONTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................. 8 Chapter 1 Language and Lexicology .......................................................................... 9 1.1. The Object of Lexicology ............................................................. 9 1.2. Branches of Lexicology .............................................................. 10 1.3. Lexicology and Sociolinguistics ................................................. 13 1.4. The Definition of the Word ........................................................ 16 Key Terms ............................................................................................... 18 Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 18 Chapter 2 The Origins of English Words .................................................................. 20 2.1. Native Words ............................................................................. 22 2.2. Borrowings................................................................................. 24 2.3. Etymological Doublets .............................................................. 30 2.4. International Words ................................................................... 31 Key Terms ............................................................................................... 32 Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 32 Chapter 3 Word Structure and Word Formation ....................................................... 36 3.1. Morpheme. Allomorph .............................................................. 37 3.2. Word Structure ........................................................................... 39 3.3. Immediate Constituents Analysis ............................................... 41 3.4. Affixation ................................................................................... 42 3.5. Conversion ................................................................................. 46 3.6. WordComposition .................................................................... 48 3.7. Other Types of Word Formation................................................. 51 Key Terms ............................................................................................... 53 Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 54 3

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Chapter 4 Semantics ............................................................................................... 57 4.1. Semasiology or Semantics? ........................................................ 57 4.2. Denotation and Connotation ..................................................... 59 4.3. Polysemy .................................................................................... 61 4.4. Componential Analysis .............................................................. 62 4.5. Semantic Change ....................................................................... 65 4.6. Secondary Ways of Semantic Change ........................................ 69 Key Terms ............................................................................................... 70 Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 70 Chapter 5 The Vocabulary of a Language as a System .............................................. 74 5.1. Homonyms ................................................................................ 74 5.2. Synonyms .................................................................................. 77 5.2.1. The Nature of Synonymy ................................................ 77 5.2.2. The Definition of Synonyms ........................................... 79 5.2.3. Classification of Synonyms ............................................. 81 5.2.4. Euphemism ..................................................................... 82 5.3. Antonyms .................................................................................. 82 5.4. Hyponymy and Paronymy ......................................................... 84 Key Terms ............................................................................................... 85 Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 86 Chapter 6 Combinability. Word Groups .................................................................... 90 Key Terms ............................................................................................... 95 Topics for Discussion and Exercises .......................................................... 95 Chapter 7 Phraseology ............................................................................................ 98 7.1. Semantic Classification of Phraseological Units ....................... 100 7.2. Structural Classification of Phraseological Units ...................... 101 4

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7.3. Functional Classification of Phraseological Units .................... 102 7.4. Contextual Classification of Phraseological Units .................... 103 7.5. Prof. Kunin’s Classification of Phraseological Units ................ 103 7.6. Proverbs, Sayings, Quotations ................................................... 105 Key Terms .............................................................................................. 107 Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 107 Chapter 8 Levels of Usage ...................................................................................... 111 8.1. Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary .................... 112 8.2. The Varieties of English ............................................................ 117 8.3. Levels of Language .................................................................... 121 8.4. Registers ................................................................................... 125 Key Terms .............................................................................................. 128 Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 128 Chapter 9 Lexicography ......................................................................................... 133 9.1. The History of Dictionary Making ............................................. 133 9.2. Classification of Dictionaries .................................................... 136 Key Terms .............................................................................................. 140 Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 140 Chapter 10 American English ................................................................................... 145 10.1. Spelling ..................................................................................... 146 10.2. Pronunciation ........................................................................... 148 10.3. Punctuation .............................................................................. 148 10.4. Numbers ................................................................................... 149 10.5. Grammar .................................................................................. 150 10.5.1. Use of the Present Perfect ............................................ 150 10.5.2. Possession .................................................................... 150 10.5.3. The Verb Get ................................................................. 151 5

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10.5.4. Past Simple/Past Participles ......................................... 151 10.5.5. Other Differences ......................................................... 152 10.5.6. Prepositions ................................................................. 153 10.6. Vocabulary ................................................................................ 153 10.7. African American Vernacular English (AAVE) .......................... 158 Key Terms .............................................................................................. 160 Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 160 Chapter 11 A World English ..................................................................................... 163 11.1. Canadian English ...................................................................... 163 11.2. Australian English ..................................................................... 164 11.3. New Zealand English ................................................................ 166 11.4. Indian English .......................................................................... 167 11.4.1. Pronunciation .............................................................. 168 11.4.2. Grammar ..................................................................... 168 11.4.3. Vocabulary: loans ......................................................... 169 11.4.4. Usage ........................................................................... 171 Key Terms .............................................................................................. 172 Topics for Discussion and Exercises ......................................................... 173 Review .................................................................................................. 174 References ............................................................................................. 185 Dictionaries ........................................................................................... 187 Glossary ................................................................................................ 188 6

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