Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова

This work presents the results of a research that was conducted in the Donskoy Leskhoz nursery of the Forestry Department of the Lipetsk Region. The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of the influence of a low-frequency electromagnetic field and the hydrogel “Evabiona” on the survival rate of red oak annual seedlings grown in open ground of the nursery. This research presents the technology for creating red oak planting material with increased survival indices of test samples and their biometric parameters: seedling height, seedling diameter at a root collar, weight of roots and aboveground part in the air-dry condition after drying for 15 days. Treatment of red oak one-year old seedlings with a low frequency electromagnetic field was carried out according to the author’s technology POSEP – pre-sowing treatment of seeds and seedlings with an electromagnetic field. The hydrogel, a polymer water-retaining agent that absorbs and retains a large amount of moisture in the rhizosphere of plants, was applied to soil in the experimental research. The ability of the hydrogel granules to swell-compression improves the structure and drainage of soils, boosting the conditions of aeration and filtration of water, and maintains its waterretaining properties for several years. The research results indicate a clear positive effect of treatment with a low-frequency electromagnetic field and the hydrogel, as there was a significant increase in the survival rate of the test samples of oak seedlings in relation to the control samples. Also within the framework of the research a comparative histometric analysis of cross sections of control and test stems of oak seedlings was carried out late in the growing season at the laboratory of the Department of Forest Crops, Selection and Dendrology of the Mytishchi Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The results of this research showed that a low-frequency electromagnetic field and the hydrogel can influence on the anatomical structure of seedlings, improving their quality characteristics. Thus, pre-sowing treatment of oak seedlings with a low-frequency electromagnetic field and the use of the hydrogel showed the effectiveness of these techniques in increasing the survival rate of seedlings and obtaining high-quality planting material of red oak in forest nurseries. For citation: Smirnov A.I., Orlov F.S., Aksenov P.A., Yaskov Yu.V. The Effectiveness of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Hydrogel Influence on Survival Rate and Growth of Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Annual Seedlings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 5, pp. 81–89. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-81-89
В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования, которое проводилось в лесном питомнике Донского лесхоза Управления лесного хозяйства Липецкой области. Цель исследования определить как гидрогель «Эвабиона» и низкочастотное электромагнитное поле (ЭМП) влияют на приживаемость и рост однолетних сеянцев дуба красного в открытом грунте питомника. В работе приведена технология создания посадочного материала дуба красного с повышенными показателями приживаемости опытных образцов и их биометрических характеристик: высота сеянца, диаметр сеянца у корневой шейки, масса корней и надземной части в воздушно-сухом состоянии после высушивания в течение 15 дней. Обработка однолетних сеянцев дуба красного низкочастотным электромагнитным полем проводилась по авторской технологии ПОСЭП (предпосевная обработка семян и сеянцев электромагнитным полем). В постановке опытов применялся гидрогель «Эвабиона», полимерный влагоудерживатель, который при внесении в почву, абсорбирует и удерживает большое количество влаги в зоне ризосферы растений. Способность гранул гидрогеля к разбуханию-сжатию улучшает структуру и дренаж почв, повышая условия аэрации и фильтрации воды, сохраняет свои влагоудерживающие свойства в течение нескольких лет. Полученные результаты исследования свидетельствуют о явном положительном влиянии обработки электромагнитным полем и гидрогелем, так как отмечено существенное увеличение приживаемости опытных образцов сеянцев дуба по отношению к контролю, также в рамках исследования, в конце вегетационного сезона в лаборатории кафедры лесных культур, селекции и дендрологии Мытищинского филиала МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана был проведен сравнительный гистометрический анализ поперечных срезов контрольных и опытных стволиков сеянцев дуба. Результаты этого исследования показали, что электромагнитное поле и гидрогель могут оказывать влияние на анатомическое строение сеянцев, улучшая их качественные характеристики. Таким образом, предпосадочная обработка сеянцев дуба низкочастотным электромагнитным полем и применение гидрогеля показали эффективность данных приемов для увеличения приживаемости сеянцев и получения качественного посадочного материала дуба красного в лесных питомниках. Для цитирования: Smirnov A.I., Orlov F.S., Aksenov P.A., Yaskov Yu.V. The Effectiveness of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Hydrogel Influence on Survival Rate and Growth of Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Annual Seedlings // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2020. № 5. С. 81–89. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-81-89

A physical model is developed for heating a set of laminated cellular structure formed from peeled veneer, dependences for determining its thermal conductivity under conditions of non-stationary heat transfer are proposed. It was found that for a package of 11 layers of birch veneer 2 mm thick, the thermal diffusivity is 1.93∙10–6 m2/s. Based on the fundamental theory of thermal conductivity of the wood substance, dependencies are obtained for calculating the duration of bonding of heat-insulating materials of a cellular structure. It has been established that the duration of gluing of a 22 mm thick plywood mesh slab of peeled birch veneer under pressure exposure is 14.5 minutes at a temperature of press plates 110 °C. The thermotechnical characteristics of the new wood-based cellular structure material were determined: the thermal conductivity coefficient of a cellular plywood board with a density of 530 kg/m3 was 0.081 W/(m·K), the strength under static bending of the board parallel to the fibers of the outer layers was 14 MPa, and perpendicular to the fibers was 10 MPa. The use of underutilized soft broadleaved species with low operational properties as a heat-insulating material, where high strength indicators are not required, is justified, since its thermal conductivity is two times lower than that of a similar material – solid plywood board. For citation: Lukash A.A., Lukutsova N.P. Thermal Conductivity of Wood-Based Cellular Structures. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 1, pp. 146–153. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-146-153
DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-146-153.

At present, a relevant task consists in understanding the seismicity of the European Arctic sector in general and the Barents-Kara region in particular. Due to the small number of seismic stations installed in the Arctic region our understanding of the seismicity of the Arctic is still not properly investigated. However, as a consequence of the operationalisation of the seismic station SVZ Severnaya Zemlya on the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago since 2016, it has become possible to record and process an increased number of seismic events. Data from the Arkhangelsk seismic network were compared with a map of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicentres in the Barents-Kara region and adjacent waters for 2017–2018 created by various seismological agencies. The distribution of the number of earthquakes by magnitude and location registered by the Arkhangelsk seismic network for 2012–2018 are presented. The greatest number of earthquakes is associated with the Gakkel, Knipovich and Mohn Ridges, while the lowest number is associated with the St. Anne trough We compared the number of earthquakes recorded by the Arkhangelsk seismic network in 2017–2018 with those recorded by the Severnaya Zemlya station in the same period. The increased number of recorded earthquakes indicates the importance of opening the Severnaya Zemlya station in Arctic region. The microseismic background level was considered and charts drawn up comparing the daily power spectra of SVZ for the “best” and the “worst” months in terms of seismogram quality. Using an earthquake recorded in the eastern part of the Gakkel ridge as an example, the effective processing of the earthquake record in the WSG software package including the operation of the new SVZ station is demonstrated.

Construction and exploitation of the gas pipeline is associated with seriously geoecological risks. The magnitude of risks depends on the kind and value of the impact of influencing factors. The factors of geoecological risk mean to the natural and technical conditions, which influences to probability of occurrence, the value of processes with adverse geoecological consequences, also the size of the expected geoecological damage during the transportation of associated petroleum gas (Gubaidullin and Korobov 2005). Territory near shore of Pechora sea between Bolvanskaya bay and Khaypudyrskaya bay is modern promising center of oil production in region. Ricing of oil production connect with ricing of associated petroleum gas (APG) production and searching of ways of effective utilization APG (instead of burning on torch) is actual challenge. The most promising way is common gathering pipeline system with one center of preparing and utilization of APG. Building and exploitation of pipelines connected with high gejecologilal risks. Evaluation and minimization of geecological risk is actual task. It is necessary to plan steps to minimizing risks (Day et al. 1998) to design stage to reduce the impact on the environment. The factor`s indicators of geoeological risk are distributed unevenly along the gas pipeline. Zoning should help to analyze the distribution of geoecological risk factors and determine territories for activities.

The role of scientific and commercial development in the modern status of Spitsbergen cannot be overestimated. The archipelago development before the signing of a treaty in 1872 between Russia and the Swedish-Norwegian Union was the conflict issue undermining the “terra nullius” doctrine, which was put into circulation in the first half of the 20th century to justify the “sovereignty” of Norway on this territory in the future. At the same time, several centuries before that, the Russian Pomors, Danes and others were actively developing the archipelago, and it is confirmed by historiography and modern archaeological data. For a long time, the phenomenon of diplomatic correspondence between Russia and Sweden-Norway, known as “Agreement of 1872”, did not receive sufficient coverage in scientific and legal literature. It seems extremely interesting from the standpoint of an alternative interpretation of the events related to Norwegian activation of fisheries in the Svalbard waters (this is how the archipelago is designated in the official documents of the Norwegian government) in the late 19th century – the early 20th century. The “common land” was the naming of Spitsbergen in the “Agreement of 1872”. The article examines the political and legal consequences of the “terra nullius” concept and its use for the archipelago status since the signing of the Treaty in 1920, including gradual extension of the Norwegian national law to replace the international treaty regime. The expansion of the 200- mile “fishing zone” and the adoption of the “Mining Charter”, which was, in fact, an intrinsic act, were the politico-geographical consequences of the “no man's land” concept, erroneously or deliberately used when signing the treaty in the early 1920s.

Учебное пособие адресовано студентам педагогических специальностей, но может использоваться для любых направлений подготовки, поскольку включает тексты и задания об учёбе и жизни студентов. Позволяет овладеть навыками англоязычного общенаучного и профессионального общения и может использоваться как для аудиторных, так и самостоятельных занятий.

Evaluation of hydrological parameters and temperature regime of watercourses of various orders comes to the fore when studying the scientific problems of hydrobiology of watercourses and solving practical problems of development of fisheries and gold exploration in the regions of the Far North. This became particularly relevant due to a significant reduction in hydrological observations since the early 1990s. This article presents a quantitative investigation into the thermal regime of water courses and their spatial pattern. The paper focuses specifically studying the temperature and basic spatial parameters of streams and rivers in the area of interest. Statistical methods helped identify a close linkage between the temperature of water courses in the basin of the Upper Kolyma River and their respective sizes. A common trend has been found proving that the water temperature in the rivers increases downstream and with the increase in water course size, also known as order. A close correlation between the average water temperature, on the one hand, and the catchment area and water course length, on the other, is indicated by the relatively high correlation coefficients of 0.61 to 0.63 and 0.71 to 0.73, respectively. Average water temperatures in the summer and warm periods have been found to escalate with the increase of water course order from low (I and II) to high (VI–VII) by 4.7°C and 5.9°C, respectively, and in the Kolyma River – in the direction from the upper section (Orotuk village) to the lower section (the Korkodon River mouth) by 1.7°C and 2.1°C, respectively, even though the lower section of the river is located almost 2° north of the upper section. Due to the presence of perennial permafrost, river taliks have a cooling effect on the thermal regime of watercourses, so coolness occurs in sections of the river where there are favorable conditions for their formation. This is, first of all, the increased thickness of the well-permeable coarse-grained alluvium of the channel facies and open fracture zones in the bedrock.

Modelling of radiation transfer through natural multilayer media is relevant for many climatological, hydrological and ecological issues. Te possibility of using the models is determined by the comprehensiveness of the information on the properties and structure of certain layers: ground, vegetation, atmosphere. Tree-dimensional spatial organisation of tundra vegetation cover is understudied compared to vegetation structure of the boreal zone. In the scope of the research, the structure of sedge-tundra vegetation cover in the Nenets Autonomous Area and the Murmansk Region was investigated using specialised hardware-sofware system which allows to take photos of the cover from diferent angles, construct virtual three-dimensional models and obtain the values of parameters characterising the structure. Te feld survey of the sites was carried out in August 2016 and 2017. Phytoelement angle distributions obtained difer from standard erectophile distribution frequently used for modelling orientation of phytoelements in cover formed by grasses/sedges. Te shape of phytoelement angle distribution varies from site to site depending on the dominant species. Experiments on ftting real distributions by diferent functions established that the generalised shape of the distribution in the studied cover is best described by a rotated-ellipsoidal function with a parameter equal to 2.69. Information obtained on the structure of the vegetation cover can be used in modelling microwaves and solar radiation propagation.

The protection of indigenous numerically-small peoples' rights in the Russian Federation is inconceivable without scrutiny of the court practice and case law based on this issue. Particular attention should be paid to the practice of high courts which de facto is obligatory for all subordinate levels of Russian unitary court system. It seems important to describe the most significant court decisions which form the unified law-enforcement practice to be taken into account by indigenous communities and organizations of Russia

The protection of indigenous numerically-small peoples’ rights in the Russian Federation is inconceivable without scrutiny of the court practice and case law based on this issue. Particular attention should be paid to the practice of high courts which de facto is obligatory for all subordinate levels of Russian unitary court system. It seems important to describe the most significant court decisions which form the unified law-enforcement practice to be taken into account by indigenous communities and organizations of Russia.