On the basis of investigation of these onomomyths, interpreting Voltaire as a fi ghter with religious fanaticism, as a plenipotentiary minister of the Hell, as a leader of liberals, as an inspirer of “Voltairian” suicides, as an organizer of the French revolution, the author comes to the conclusion about non-historical character of cultural creation of myths. <...> The present creation of myths in new literary-historical conditions can regenerate and develop old plots, associated with the eternal problem of interrelation of personality and society. <...> However, in the theoretical study of the problems of myth-making, it literary consciousness of the era the century, with their active literary mythis important to separate myth-making as a real process of and analytical understanding of the role of the myth in scientifi c consciousness of any literary movement. <...> For the latter it seems productive to use the term “philosophy of myth”. <...> All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: nkovtun@mail.ru # 1469 # view of V.M. Naidysh that even in the era of classicism “the myth appeared as a kind of conscious, Enlightenment of the subject” (Naidysh, 2002, p. 405). <...> Ideologized myth-making of realized itself in rational and ideological creativity the the phenomenon of cultural myth, which is a word (the term “myth” is translated as “a word” from Greek) about the world, a certain subculture of a particular functioning within literary and historical era and which is found in the literature works par excellence. <...> The collection of all cultural myths creates a certain model of the world, which is proper literary era. for this very Elena E. Prikazchikova. <...> Voltaire’s Onomomyths in Russian Literary Consciousness of the Enlightenment Theoretical framework myth-making in the 18th Theoretical understanding of the problem of century was proposed by V.M. Zhivov, B.A. Uspenskii, A.M. Panchenko. <...> The cultural myth of the golden age of Russian literature in the linguistic coverage” by A.B. Pen’kovskii, monograph “The life of manor myth: paradise lost and found” by E.E. Dmitrieva and O.N. Kuptsova, monograph “Feeding the double headed eagle”: literature and state ideology in Russia of the last third of the 18th of the 19th –the fi rst third century” by A.L. Zorin, monograph “Myths of the Empire: literature and the power in the era of Catherine II” by V.Iu. <...> Proskurina, monograph “Poetic mythology of the 18th century. <...> Among works of foreign authors, which are related to the myth-making of the 18th century, we can distinguish highly informative works by R.S. <...>