Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова

Научный труд представляет результаты междисциплинарных комплексных исследований эволюции социальных процессов в Арктике. В фокусе исследователей находятся социальная динамика и стратегии адаптационного поведения населения Арктического региона (в его географическом, международном значении и статусе АЗРФ). Рассмотрены особенности функционирования социума в локальной северной среде, его реакции на внутренние и внешние изменения. Дан сравнительный анализ решения проблем развития северных территорий, механизмов и инструментов сохранения и развития человеческого капитала в российском и международном арктическом пространстве, в т. ч. через сетевое сотрудничество.

Научный труд представляет результаты междисциплинарных комплексных исследований эволюции социальных процессов в Арктике. В фокусе исследователей находятся социальная динамика и стратегии адаптационного поведения населения Арктического региона (в его географическом, международном значении и статусе АЗРФ). Рассмотрены особенности функционирования социума в локальной северной среде, его реакции на внутренние и внешние изменения. Дан сравнительный анализ решения проблем развития северных территорий, механизмов и инструментов сохранения и развития человеческого капитала в российском и международном арктическом пространстве, в т. ч. через сетевое сотрудничество.

Most species of woody plants indigenous to the Russian taiga are extremely sensitive to pollutants. However, many species of deciduous trees that grow in other geographical areas, including the genus Fraxinus, are fairly tolerant to progressive environmental pollution. For the introduction of cultivated plants into new environmental conditions, an impartial assessment of their introduction potential is required, which is possible only on the basis of comprehensive studies. The most important processes characterising the condition of plants are growth and development. The present study examined the introduction of three species of the Fraxinus L. genus to the middle taiga subzone. These were F. excelsior L., F. americana L. and F. pennsylvanica Marsh. The stems and leaves of the plants were measured once every 2–3 days over the course of two growth periods. Phenological observations were carried out between May and October over the course of 17 years. The introduction potential of the studied species was determined through visual assessment carried out in the autumn. The findings showed that the growth of shoots and leaves in the studied Fraxinus species began in late May-early June, varying between species by 1–5 days. The cessation of shoot and leaf growth in the studied Fraxinus species, which occurred in July, varied by up to ten days. The dates of onset and culmination of the growth of shoots and leaves appeared to be determined primarily by air temperature, with a year-by-year variability of 3–7 days. All the studied Fraxinus species showed a high degree of introduction potential and can be successfully used for gardening and landscaping purposes in the middle taiga subzone.

The legislation of the Russian Empire on the governing of “inorodtsy” was quite progressive for its time due to the securing the rights of indigenous peoples to local selfgovernment for the first time and taking the customs established in the aboriginal communities of the North, Siberia and the Far East into account. At least two groups of the indigenous population lived in the territory of the Arkhangelsk Governorate: Lapps (Sami) and Samoyeds (Nenets). The study of archival data from the Arkhangelsk Governorate for the XIX-early XX centuries allows identifying the principles of indigenous communities of the Russian North regional administration as well as the practice of law enforcement and interaction of regional officials and Russian population with nomadic reindeer-breeders and fishermen. Identifying the historical features of indigenous communities administration in the North-West gives an idea of the evolution of legislation and law enforcement mechanisms in this area of legal relations. Considering the presented practices allows improving the modern regulatory framework for the rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples