The article gives a general description of the situational approach to solving problems of the socialhuman cognition. The author considers the removal of contradictions between the objectivist (natural science) and the subjectivist (the humanities) methodological orientations in the social-human cognition as the objective of the situational approach. An overview of the theoretical foundations of the situational approach – the introspective ontology going back to Kant’s theory of cognition and theory of situations based on the non-classical tradition of philosophizing – is given. The article discusses the conceptual apparatus of the theory of situations, categories that describe the statics of the situation as a subjective-objective structure and the dynamics of the situation as the rationalconditional interaction and relation between the situations.