Животный мир

Изучена гистологическая структура коркового вещества надпочечников холостых половозрелых самок марала в разные сезоны года (на примере животных, проживающих на фермах свободного выгула Республики Алтай). Наибольшая толщина коркового вещества отмечена в зимний период. Минимальная толщина клубочковой зоны характерна для летнего периода, осенью размеры клеток статистически значимо увеличиваются. Пучковая зона зимой расширена, а минимальные ее размеры выявлены в весенний период. Минимальная в году толщина сетчатой зоны наблюдается в зимний период, при этом зимой в ней статистически значимо снижаются размеры клеток и ядер по сравнению с осенью.

Описаны особенности гистологического строения и кариометрические параметры мозгового вещества надпочечных желез небеременных самок марала в течение года. Установлено, что в осенний период синтетическая активность норадреналинпродуцирующих клеток у холостых самок марала наименьшая по отношению к другим сезонам года. Сравнение полученных результатов с литературными данными позволяет выявить половые различия в деятельности железистых клеток мозгового вещества надпочечников маралов, что указывает на различные механизмы регуляции обмена веществ у самцов и самок весной (период активного роста рогов у самцов) и разную степень стрессируемости их организмов осенью (период полового размножения).

The bumblebee fauna of the Southern Taymyr region, northern Siberia, is represented by 10 species, i.e., Bombus consobrinus, B. flavidus, B. lapponicus, B. hypnorum, B. jonellus, B. cingulatus, B. balteatus, B. pyrrhopygus, B. hyperboreus, and B. cryptarum. During the field research for this study, 7 species of bumblebee on the Putorana Plateau (or the Putorana Mountains, on the northwestern edge of the Central Siberian Plateau) and 6 species near Dudinka Town were observed and B. consobrinus was found for the first time on the Putorana Plateau. To date, B. consobrinus was known only in the southern and central parts of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Regarding the regional fauna, Transpalaearctic and Holarctic species are presented. According to the latitudinal aspect, in this region there are arcto-boreal, arcto-temperate, boreal and temperate species. An analysis of the community was carried out regarding bumblebees that live on the Putorana Plateau. It was found that species of the subgenus Pyrobombus and Alpinobombus, that are typical for the tundra and forest-tundra zones in the Northern Palaearctic, are dominant within the bumblebee community

This article is devoted to a study of the fauna of the long-tongued bees in the north of the Arkhangelsk Region, which is located in the northeast of the European part of Russia, but excludes the Arctic islands. This group includes the bees of the families Megachilidae and Apidae. Forty-four (44) species of bees were found in this region. Most of them (29) are bumblebees (genus Bombus). Fourteen (14) species are megachilid bees (genus Osmia, Coelioxys and Megachile) and one species is Apis mellifera. The largest number of species (39) was recorded in the lower reaches of the Northern Dvina River, due to the long research on this territory. The lowest number of species (16) was recorded in the Mezensky District. In the north of the studied region, the tundra species of B. lapponicus is only presented for the Mezensky District. Many species of bumblebees in the regional fauna belong to the ecological group of the meadow species. These are B. soroeensis, B. ruderarius, B. rupestris and a number of others. They are typical for meadow and ruderal habitats, and are usually not presented in the native taiga habitats. These meadow species are widely represented in the valleys of large rivers, such as the Northern Dvina, the Onega, and the Mezen. Compared to bumblebees, megachilid bees are much rarer in the north of the Arkhangelsk Region. Apis mellifera is presented in the lower reaches of the Northern Dvina River, but here it is rare, compared to the southern part of the Arkhangelsk Region.