811.111'342(075.8)
81.432.1-173
19
- . , . .. -;
. . , .. -
:
19 : .
[Электронный ресурс] / .. -. — 6- ., стер.
— . : , 2018. — 362 .
..
ISBN 978-5-9765-3455-1
—
- - . -
- - -
.
.
- - -
-- - -,
,
-. - - -
.
811.111'342(075.8)
81.432.1-173
ISBN 978-5-9765-3455-1
© - .., 2018
© - «», 2018
2
Стр.2
Contents
Page of
Acknowledgements ................................................................... 57
Recordings in the
University Tape
Library
Prefatory note ...........................................................................
Chapter I. The Organs of speech ........................................ 12
The positions of the tip of the tongue .................. 13
Chapter II. English Consonants ...........................................
Classification of English Consonants ..................
Palatalization / Velarization ................................
Voiceless vs Voiced ............................................ 16
Cf. English and Russian Voiced Consonants ...... 19
Cf. English and Russian Voiceless Consonants .... 20
Plosive Clusters ................................................... 20 4974a
Stops: /p/, /b/ /t/, /d/
/k/, /g/ ....................................................... 21
14
14
16
3046 3 3045
047
NLA group or NLA sonants ................................
Nasal sonants /m/, /n/
// ............................................
Lateral Consonants [/], [] ............................
Medial Approximants
/j/
Consonant Sequences:
SInitial Sequences ............................................ 30 3054
3 3055
/w/
/r/ ....................................
28
Lateral release ................................................ 37 3056
Consonant + /s/, /z/, /t/, /d/ ............................. 38 3056a
yllable-Final Sequences ............................... 34
(stop + stop) ..................................
(Nasal release) ............................... 34
36
055a
Consonant + // .............................................. 40 3056b
8
053
3043 3042 3041 3 3040
044
Aspiration ............................................................ 22 4974
Affricate Consonants: /t/, /d/ ............................ 24 3048
Friction Consonants: /f/, /v/
//, /ð/
/s/, /z/
//, //
/h/ ....................................... 24
25
26
27
3050 3 3049
051, 4978a
3 3052a 3052
Стр.8
Chapter III. English Vowels ...................................................
Transcription .......................................................
Consonant Sequences (exercises) ....................... 42 556, 556a,
4980
/f/, //, /m/, /n/, // + Consonant ...................... 40 3057
Longer Consonant Sequences ........................ 41 3057a
Chapter IV. English Syllable ................................................. 58
Syllable Formation .............................................. 58 558
Syllable Structure ................................................ 59
Phonetic Syllable Division .................................. 61
Strong and Weak Syllables
Protected vs Unprotected Vowels ....................... 63 3061, 558a
Pronunciation of unprotected vowels .................. 67 3061b
Classification of English vowels ......................... 48
The schwa vowel // ............................................ 50 3058a
Clipping ............................................................... 52
Diphthongs .......................................................... 53 3059
Vowel sequences ................................................. 55 3060
Phonetic Dictations from tape ............................. 56 37
47
48
Chapter V. Word Stress ........................................................ 70
Disyllables ........................................................... 71 4981,558b
Polysyllables ....................................................... 73 4981a,4982
Words with Suffixes ............................................ 78 4982
suffixes carrying the primary
stresses themselves ......................................
suffixes that do not affect stress
placement ....................................................
suffixes that influence stress in the stem .....
Hiatus ..........................................................
78
Chapter VI. Weak and Strong Forms ................................... 103 3073
Strong forms ........................................................ 103 4986
Weak forms ......................................................... 105 4987, 3061a,
559
Prefixes and Stress .............................................. 85
Pronunciation demons ......................................... 87
Word-class pairs .................................................. 89 4981b
Compound words ................................................ 91 4984
Variable Stress .................................................... 98 1236b
78
79
81 4983
Chapter VII. Aspects of Connected Speech ........................... 122
Rhythm ................................................................ 123 4985, 1444a,
3062, 559a
Special cases (some, there) ................................. 113 4988a
9
Стр.9
Modification of English Consonants in the flow
of speech:
Assimilation ..............................................
Elision .......................................................
Double Consonant Sounds .......................
Modification of English Vowels .........................
Compression .............................................
132
140
145
Chapter VIII. Intonation ........................................................... 160
Identifying the tone unit ......................................
Structure of the tone unit .....................................
Heads ...................................................................
Tone unit boundaries and speech tempo .............
Prominence ..........................................................
The Tonic Syllable and the Tonic Word ....
The Tonic Accent .....................................
Non-Tonic Prominence ............................
Relevant and Irrelevant features of English
Speech Sounds .................................................... 152 4970, 4968
Linking ................................................................ 153 3063, 560
Common features of connected speech ............... 156
148
149
163
168
169
170
3063a, 560
3063b, 560,
4988, 560
557, 560
4974
Tones ...................................................................
Falling Tones .......................................................
Rising Tones ........................................................
Fall-Rise ..............................................................
Low-Rise .............................................................
High-Rise ............................................................
Chapter IX. Sequences of Tone Units ................................... 259
Level Tones..........................................................
Reading and Dictating .........................................
Tones (Revision Exercises) .................................
High vs Low Key ...............................................,
Low Key ...................................................
High Key ..................................................
Revision and Practice ..........................................
226
227
231
237
238
243
251
Chapter X. The Choice of Tonicity (Placing the Tonic
Accent) ............................................................... 278
Intensifiers............................................................ 279
“Pushed Out of Focus” lexical items .................. 284
The Booster / The Sliding Head .......................... 287
10
173
175
177
184
393, 561a
561b
393
190
192
196
196
212
221
1228, 1231
394, 395,
1231
396
1232, 397,
1233
3638, 3634
3636, 3637
1232
1236, 1232
1236, 398
399, 1235
1236
Стр.10
Chapter XI. Revision Exercises ............................................. 293 4988b, 4999,
20, 30, 2649
Appendix I. Selected Tapescripts .......................................... 307
Recordings:
393 Highlighting ................................................. 307
396 Telling and Referring ................................... 308
397 Roles and Status of Speakers ....................... 309
1228 Step by Step ................................................ 310
398 Low Key ....................................................... 310
20 Watching Television ...................................... 311
2649 Mum's the Word ......................................... 312
3072 The Job I had to Tackle .............................. 166
3072 The Key to the text ..................................... 167
1231 At a Bookshop ............................................ 314
1233 When to Take Control ................................ 315
1232 Who is in charge ......................................... 316
559a Stress Shift .................................................. 317
1236 Reading Aloud ........................................... 317
1237 Listening to Meaning ................................. 318
30 Pieces of Prose Dialogue ................................ 319
401 A Talk between Tony and Lisa .................... 320
Appendix II. Reading and Pronunciation ..........…................ 321
Appendix III. Poetry ................................................................. 330
Appendix IV. Cartoons .............................................................. 345
Appendix V. Glossary ............................................................... 351
References .............................................................................. 358
Key to the Tone Marks ............................................................. 360
Tables:
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
English consonants .............................................. 15
English vowels .................................................... 47
The vowel sounds in weak syllables ................... 65
Assimilation ........................................................ 135
Consonant Elision ............................................... 141
Modification of vowels in the flow of speech ..... 148
Vowel elision....................................................... 160
Tone unit boundaries and speech tempo ............. 171
The types of the Tonic Accent ............................ 179
Table 10 Non-tonic Prominence ........................................ 185
Table 11 Tones ................................................................... 256
Table 12 Low / High Key Information ............................... 258
Стр.11