D. Sereda All-Russia Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Miсrobiology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pokrov, Vladimir Region, 601120 Russia, e-mail: sereda-56@mail.ru Received March 5, 2013 S umma r y Pigs that survive after infection with African swine fever virus are resistant to reinfection with seroimmunotype-homologous virulent isolates, indicating an immune protection development. <...> Nevertheless, the points regarding the protective importance of various immune mechanisms at African swine fever still remain controversial. <...> Peripheral blood leukocyte cultures prepared from both intact or vaccinated pigs were used as models of implemented virus-specific reactions in vivo. <...> The maximum amount of ASF virus was determined in the cultures with adherent cells from intact or immunized gilt, non-adherent white blood cells and the serum of an intact animal. <...> Replacement of non-adherent cells from intact gilt by those from the immunized one led to a significant decrease in ASF virus titres. <...> It was shown that combination of A-cells from intact or immunized gilt, non-adherent cells from the intact animal and the serum from immunized animal limited the viral propagation more strictly, under the replacement of non-adherent cells from the intact gilt by those from the immunized animal at the most. <...> The results determine the role of cellular and humoral immunity in limiting African swine fever virus replication. <...> The protection mechanisms mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibody-mediated cellular anti-effectors are found to have an integrated effect, suggesting their targeting against different epitopes. <...> Pigs that survived African swine fever (ASF) caused by its virulent or attenuated strains, as a rule, also survive the subsequent infection whose agents are seroimmunotype-homologous virus isolates and strains (1-3). <...> This fact indicates the development of virus-specific immune defense in these animals. <...> Antibody-mediated cytolysis of ASF-infected monocytes and macrophages occur during in vitro performed reactions of complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (7-9). <...> Antibodies to ASF virus-specific proteins were detected by various methods including ADCC in the blood serum of pigs on the 3rd-7th day after experimental inoculation of ASF. <...> It was experimentally proved the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in formation of virus-specific defense in early period of ASF course <...>