72 Section HUMAN DIVERSITY MAPPING DENTAL MARKERS IN EURASIAN POPULATIONS: WHAT WAS HIDDEN IN TABLE DATA? <...> Kashibadze Vera Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientifi c Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia The study aims to consider numerous dental data from Eurasian populations in a spatial and temporal context. <...> Mapping dental markers and PC scores as an innovative approach involves 906 samples; 594 of them are living groups and 312 are cranial series dated from the Late Pleistocene to the Early Iron Age. <...> The results highlight the division of the whole area into two main provinces––western and eastern. <...> The distinctive landscape, however, changes dramatically with the chronological depth when gracile lower molars as a distinguishing characteristics of our species are considered. <...> The maps provide the evidence of the four-cusped LM2 to be a constant marker of western Eurasian populations, while the four-cusped LM1 turns to be an eastern trait in the Upper Paleolithic and early Holocene. <...> Since the four-cusped LM1 is generally considered a western feature in recent populations, the discovered phenomenon provides a new view of the population history of the continent. <...> The maps demonstrate the earliest western localization of gracile LM1, followed, in different ratio, by eastern traits (shoveling, dtc, dw) only in the Mesolithic and Neolithic northeastern Europe. <...> The most intense dispersal of a similar combination from Asia to the west is traced in the Early Metal and Bronze Ages, mainly along the steppe belt of the continent. <...> By the turn of the Common Era the landscape takes on essentially modern outlines. <...> The results of the study suggest that LM1 and LM2 evolved independently in Eurasian populations, thus marking two separate ancestral groups. <...> The separate ancestry could result from different tempos of transition of the key tooth role, thus suggesting four-cusped LM1 to be more archaic. <...> In fact, should we admit at last that all the relevant dental traits specifi ed as eastern are basically archaic? <...> Key words: phenogeography, Eurasia, dental markers, lower molars, gracilization, population history Contact information: Kashibadze Vera, e-mail: verdari@gmail.com. <...> ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SOUTHERN URALIAN AND FOREST-STEPPE VOLGA VARIETIES OF THE SINTASHTA AND POTAPOVKA CULTURES, MIDDLE TO LATE BRONZE AGE TRANSITION <...>