International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
October
2011
# 10
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
Editor-in-Chief B.E.Paton
Yu.S.Borisov V.F.Khorunov
A.Ya.Ishchenko I.V.Krivtsun
B.V.Khitrovskaya L.M.Lobanov
V.I.Kyrian A.A.Mazur
S.I.Kuchuk-Yatsenko
Yu.N.Lankin I.K.Pokhodnya
V.N.Lipodaev V.D.Poznyakov
V.I.Makhnenko K.A.Yushchenko
O.K.Nazarenko A.T.Zelnichenko
I.A.Ryabtsev
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
. and
. Prediction of
thermodynamic properties of melts of
MgO—Al2O3—SiO2—CaF2 system ...................................................... 2
. Resistance of welds on thin-sheet
aluminium alloys to initiation and propagation of service
cracks .......................................................................................... 5
N.P.Alyoshin (Russia)
U.Diltey (Germany)
Guan Qiao (China)
D. von Hofe (Germany)
V.I.Lysak (Russia)
N.I.Nikiforov (Russia)
B.E.Paton (Ukraine)
Ya.Pilarczyk (Poland)
G.A.Turichin (Russia)
Zhang Yanmin (China)
A.S.Zubchenko (Russia)
V.N.Lipodaev, V.I.Lokteva
A.T.Zelnichenko (exec. director)
A.A.Fomin, O.S.Kurochko,
I.N.Kutianova, T.K.Vasilenko
N.A.Dmitrieva
D.I.Sereda, T.Yu.Snegiryova
. and
. Methods
for assessment of strengthening of HSLA steel weld metal ............. 9
. and
. Role of
non-metallic inclusions in cracking during arc cladding ................. 14
. and
. Effect of
ductile sub-layer on heat resistance of multilayer
deposited metal ........................................................................... 18
. and
. Peculiarities
of thermal spraying of coatings using flux-cored wire
(Review) ...................................................................................... 21
INDUSTRIAL
. Current consumables and methods of
fusion arc welding (Review) .......................................................... 26
. and
. Electron beam
welding of measuring chamber of magnetic pneumatic gas
analyser ....................................................................................... 29
. and
State Registration Certificate
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© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2011
. and
. and
. Limitation of
overvoltages in high-voltage circuits after discharges in
welding gun ................................................................................. 32
. Influence of
preliminary cyclic loading on effectiveness of welded joint
strengthening by high-frequency peening ..................................... 36
.
Influence of welding power sources on three-phase mains ............ 40
NEWS
First Meeting of Council of Chinese-Ukrainian E.O. Paton
Welding Institute .......................................................................... 46
News ........................................................................................... 47
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Стр.1
PREDICTION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
OF MELTS OF MgO—Al2O3—SiO2—CaF2 SYSTEM
I.A. GONCHAROV1, V.I. GALINICH1, D.D. MISHCHENKO1, M.A. SHEVCHENKO2 and V.S. SUDAVTSOVA2
1E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU, Kiev, Ukraine
2Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Ukraine
The calculation procedure is proposed for prediction of thermodynamic properties of simple slag melts, allowing for
liquidus coordinates of constitutional diagrams. Excess integral functions calculated for more complex systems are given.
The possibility of controlling the thermodynamic activity of SiO2
Keywords: arc welding, high-strength steels, fused flux,
slag melts, thermodynamic properties, SiO2
activity
Step-by-step implementation of new high-strength
steels has been taking place in the recent years. High
requirements are made to toughness and strength of
welded joints manufactured from these steels. For
their fulfillment it is necessary to have a possibility
for control of a content of oxygen and sulfur in weld
metal, processes of microalloying, formation of nonmetallic
inclusions and structure in a process of solidification
and cooling of a weld.
Silicon oxide are to be included in a flux for providing
the necessary welding-technological properties
(for pipes, for example, defect-free formation of the
welds in multiarc welding with speed higher than
100 m/h are to be provided). However, presence of
the latter in the flux during welding of modern steels
results in silicon reduction in the weld metal and formation
of non-metallic silicate inclusions, which is
the reason of deterioration of mechanical properties
of the weld metal. A slag system and flux composition,
providing combination of optimum technological and
metallurgical indices, are, in particular, the aim of
our investigations.
Thermodynamic properties of welding consumables
are to be known for prediction of metallurgical
and technological characteristics. The experimental
investigations of oxide melts are complex due to their
aggressive behavior and refractoriness. Therefore, the
calculation methods for prediction of thermodynamic
properties of such melts are widely used in the recent
years using similar data for solid compounds and phase
equilibriums [1—3]. Present paper proposes a procedure
for prediction of thermodynamic properties of
melts by liquidus coordinates of constitutional diagrams
in area of solid component—solution equilibriums
which being described by the following equations:
(μ1
1)Тeq
μ1
10
= (μ1
So)Тeq
,
+ RTeq ln a1
1 = (μ1
RTeq ln γ1
1 = (— ΔGmelt)1, Teq
2
So)Тeq
,
— RTeq ln x1
1,
(1)
(2)
(3)
in slag and, hence, silicon reduction process is shown.
_
ΔH
__
1 — TΔS
_
ex = —ΔGmelt, 1 — RT ln x1
1,
1
(4)
where μ is the chemical potential of component; Teq
is the temperature at which solid component—solution
equilibrium is considered; ΔSex is the excess entropy
of solution mixing.
Investigations of thermodynamic properties were
carried out applicable to MgO—Al2O3—SiO2—CaF2
slag system. These equations were used, however, areas
of indicated equilibriums for double oxide and
oxide-fluoride melts MgO—Al2O3, MgO—SiO2, MgO—
CaF2, Al2O3—SiO2, Al2O3—CaF2, SiO2—CaF2 are not
large. Partial molar Gibbs energies of the components
from constitutional diagrams in area of pure component—liquid
solution equilibrium in MgO—Al2O3,
MgO—SiO2, MgO—CaF2, Al2O3—SiO2, Al2O3—CaF2,
SiO2—CaF2 binary boundary systems were calculated
by equation, obtained from formulae (3) and (4):
where ΔG
__
ΔG
__
i = ΔSmelt(TL — Tmelt),
i is the partial molar Gibbs energy of component;
ΔSmelt is the entropy of melting of pure component;
Tmelt is the temperature of pure component
melting; TL is the liquidus temperature.
Activities of the second component can be found
through integration of Gibbs—Dugem equation
xAld ln (aAl) + xYd ln (aY) = 0.
Hauffe—Wagner equation was used for area of solid
quasibinary compound (Mg2Al2O4, Mg2SiO4,
Al6Si2O13)—liquid solution equilibrium:
x2
Δμ1(T, x2) = ΔSmelt
⎧
⎨
⎩
⎪
⎪— x2
x2 — y2
ΔT — y2
∫
y2
(x2 — y2)2 dx2
ΔT
⎫
⎬
⎭
⎪
⎪,
where Δμ1(T, x2) is the measurement of chemical potential
of the component 1 at temperature T and concentration
of the component 2 in x2 melt (standard
condition – component in quasibinary compound);
ΔSmelt is the entropy of compound melting; y2 is the
mole fraction of component 2 in quasibinary compound;
ΔT = Tmelt — TL.
© I.A. GONCHAROV, V.I. GALINICH, D.D. MISHCHENKO, M.A. SHEVCHENKO and V.S. SUDAVTSOVA, 2011
10/2011
Стр.2