Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation Federal State Educational Establishment of higher education «Kazan National Research Technological University» I.M. Davletbaeva, D.V. Beskrovniy, O.R. Gumerova CHEMISTRY, TECHNOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER Tutorial Kazan KNRTU Publishing 2013 UDC 678(075.8) Davletbaeva I.M. Chemistry, technology and properties of synthetic rubber : tutorial / I.M. Davletbaeva, D.V. Beskrovniy, O.R. Gumerova; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, Kazan National Research Technological University. – Kazan : KNRTU Publishing, 2013. – 201 p. <...> ISBN 978-5-7882-1416-0 The manual is intended for the 5th year students of the Polymer Faculty of 020015 "Chemical Technology" course. <...> Structural Characteristics of Elastomers and 1.3 Status of Synthetic Rubber Industry 1.4 Main Stages of Polymerization Processes 1.5 Methods of Polymerization 1.6 Heat Exchange in Polymerization 1.7 Rubber Separation 2 EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER 2.1 Obtaining Solution Stereoregular Isoprene Rubber Using Anionic Coordination Catalysts 2.2 Drying of Solvent 2.3 Preparation of Catalyst Complex 2.4 Polymerization of Isoprene 2.5 Deactivation of Catalyst Complex 2.6 Degassing of Polymerizate 2.7 Rubber Separation, Drying and Packing 2.8 Secondary Operations 2.8.1 Preparation of Stabilizer Suspension and Stopper Solution 2.8.2 Preparation of Antiagglomerator 2.9 Obtaining Butadiene-Styrene (αMethylstyrene) Rubbers by Free Radical Initiation of Emulsion Polymerization 2.9.1 Initiation of Polymerization 2.9.4 Components of Emulsion Polymerization 2.9.5 Polymerization Rate 6 6 12 22 32 35 37 41 42 42 47 49 51 52 55 57 59 59 60 61 2.9.2 Reactions of Polymer Chain Growth 64 2.9.3 Chain Termination and Transfer 65 68 2.9.6 Process of Obtaining Styrene- 68 3 61 64 Butadiene Rubbers 2.10 Technology of Butyl Rubber Obtaining with Cationic Initiation in Methyl Chloride 2.11 Batch Preparation, Copolymerization and Rubber Separation 2.12 Producing Ethylene-Propylene and Stereoblock Propylene Rubbers by Gas-Phase Polymerization with Metallocene Catalysts 2.12.1 Chemical Structure of Elastomeric Polyolefins 2.12.2 Metallocene Catalysts 3. <...> MAIN <...>
Chemistry,_technology_and_properties_of_synthetic_rubber__tutorial.pdf
UDC 678(075.8)
Davletbaeva I.M.
Chemistry, technology and properties of synthetic rubber : tutorial /
I.M. Davletbaeva, D.V. Beskrovniy, O.R. Gumerova; Ministry of Education
and Science of Russian Federation, Kazan National Research Technological
University. – Kazan : KNRTU Publishing, 2013. – 201 p.
ISBN 978-5-7882-1416-0
The manual is intended for the 5th year students of the Polymer
Faculty of 020015 "Chemical Technology" course. The manual reflects the
current state of the elastomers science and production technologies. The
focus is on technological methods, based on the scientific understanding of
the chemistry in the synthesis of general-purpose and special rubbers, their
properties and applications.
The content of the manual corresponds to the program of the course
"Technology of Elastomers".
Published by the decision of the Editing and Publishing Board of
Kazan National Research Technological University
Reviewers: Head of Organic Chemistry Department, KFU,
I.S. Antipin, Dr. of Chem., corr. member of RAS
Head of Materials Science and Technology
Department, KNRTU, E.R. Galimov, Dr. of Eng.,
professor
ISBN 978-5-7882-1416-0
© Davletbaeva I.M., Beskrovniy D.V.,
Gumerova O.R., 2013
© Kazan National Research
Technological University, 2013
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Elastomers Classification
their Properties
1.2. Structural Characteristics of Elastomers and
1.3 Status of Synthetic Rubber Industry
1.4 Main Stages of Polymerization Processes
1.5 Methods of Polymerization
1.6 Heat Exchange in Polymerization
1.7 Rubber Separation
2 EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL
PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC
RUBBER
2.1 Obtaining Solution Stereoregular Isoprene
Rubber Using Anionic Coordination Catalysts
2.2 Drying of Solvent
2.3 Preparation of Catalyst Complex
2.4 Polymerization of Isoprene
2.5 Deactivation of Catalyst Complex
2.6 Degassing of Polymerizate
2.7 Rubber Separation, Drying and Packing
2.8 Secondary Operations
2.8.1 Preparation of Stabilizer Suspension
and Stopper Solution
2.8.2 Preparation of Antiagglomerator
2.9 Obtaining Butadiene-Styrene (αMethylstyrene)
Rubbers by Free Radical Initiation
of Emulsion Polymerization
2.9.1 Initiation of Polymerization
2.9.4 Components of Emulsion
Polymerization
2.9.5 Polymerization Rate
6
6
12
22
32
35
37
41
42
42
47
49
51
52
55
57
59
59
60
61
2.9.2 Reactions of Polymer Chain Growth 64
2.9.3 Chain Termination and Transfer
65
68
2.9.6 Process of Obtaining Styrene- 68
3
61
64
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Butadiene Rubbers
2.10 Technology of Butyl Rubber Obtaining with
Cationic Initiation in Methyl Chloride
2.11 Batch Preparation, Copolymerization and
Rubber Separation
2.12 Producing Ethylene-Propylene and
Stereoblock Propylene Rubbers by Gas-Phase
Polymerization with Metallocene Catalysts
2.12.1 Chemical Structure of Elastomeric
Polyolefins
2.12.2 Metallocene Catalysts
3. MAIN TYPES OF RUBBERS, PROPERTIES,
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
3.1 Natural Rubber
3.2 Polyisoprene (Synthetic Natural Rubber)
3.3 Polybutadiene
3.4 Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
3.5 Butyl Rubber
3.6 Ethylene-Propylene Rubber
3.7 Nitrile Rubber
3.8 Epichlorohydrin Polymer
3.9 Polychloroprene
3.10 Polynorbornene
3.11 Chlorinated Polyethylene
3.12 Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene
3.13 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer
3.14 Ethylene-Acrylic Rubber
3.15 Polyacrylate Rubber
3.16 Ebonite
3.17 Propylene Oxide-Allyl Glycidyl Ether
Copolymer
3.18 Fluorocarbon Rubber
4
71
75
78
2.12.3 Obtaining Ethylene-Propylene Rubber 84
2.12.4 Producing Stereoblock Polypropylene
Rubber
78
79
86
89
89
96
100
107
109
113
116
120
122
126
127
128
130
133
135
137
138
139
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3.19 Polysulphide Rubber
3.20 Silicone Rubber
3.21 Polyurethane Elastomers
3.22 Thermoplastic Elastomers - General
Description
3.23 Thermoplastic Urethane Elastomers
3.24 Styrenic Block Copolymers
3.25 Copolyether Ester
3.26 Polyester Amide
3.27 Thermoplastic Olefin Elastomer
3.28 Thermoplastic Vulcanizate
BIBLIOGRAPHY
143
145
152
177
181
185
187
190
190
192
194
5
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