Искусство . Культурология

Графический редактор Adobe Photoshop с каждой новой версией расширяет свой функционал. Автор этой книги, профессиональный фотограф, сосредотачивается на тех функциях и инструментах Photoshop, которые используются для обработки цифровых фотоснимков. В первой главе приводится информация для читателей, приступающих к освоению программы или знающих ее в самых общих чертах: подробно рассмотрены основные элементы интерфейса, форматы файлов, а также средства рисования, черчения, редактирования изображений и др. Вторая глава посвящена обработке фотографий в формате RAW: на многочисленных примерах показано, как использовать кисти, фильтры, спецэффекты. В последующих главах рассказывается о том, как устранять дефекты фотосъемки, кадрировать фотографии, работать с черно-белыми изображениями, использовать технологию HDR (расширенный динамический диапазон). Особое внимание уделено слоям и маскам: они дают возможность обрабатывать разные фрагменты фотографий по отдельности, каждый раз акцентируя новые детали. Технологии, показанные в книге, основаны на личном опыте автора, полученном в сотрудничестве с командой разработчиков Adobe Photoshop. Издание подойдет как начинающим пользователям программы, так и опытным фотографам, желающим освоить новые средства художественной выразительности.

The vast, proverbially windswept plazas built under «really existing socialism» from the 1920s to the 1980s are widely considered to be useless spaces, designed to intimidate or at least impress. Yet if they are only of use to those in power, why is it they have been used so successfully in protest? From Petrograd in 1917 to Independence Square in Kiev during the Orange Revolution, these spaces have become focuses for mass protest. Beginning in Berlin's Alexanderplatz, and taking in Warsaw, Ljubljana, Kharkov and Moscow, Owen Hatherley heads in search of revolt, architectural glory and horror. Along the way he encounters the more civic squares that replaced their authoritarian predecessors and finds that, paradoxically, the old centres of power are more conducive to dissent than these new, ostensibly democratic plazas.

The subject of the present research is comprised by the regional processes in sphere of culture and arts through the prism of personality. On the material of the applied sociological study by the author in eight subjects of the Russian Federation we have singled out image-bearing accidents of regional education in the sphere of culture and arts, not connected with its essence, but springing up under an inяuence of globalization realia: e.g. subjective hedonization of education; career-and-position life strategy, parallel to ousting of the spiritual component into the background of the professional existence; domination of the ethnic factor as the basis of relations in poly-ethnic regions; strongly evident critical phenomena in the period of mastering a profession; low degree of accepting a profession as a form self-realization of personality; the loss of signiёcance of the professional life activity. The research used the methods of analysis and synthesis, of grouping the data, factor analysis, ёeld socio-cultural research. The scientiёc novelty of the research is associated with singling out of the development trends of regional education in the sphere of culture and arts in the conditions of the global “challenges”, which increase possibilities of its multi-aspect optimization. The article has proved a provision about an expansion of practically oriented functional framework of education in the ёeld of culture and arts, granting the creative youth a basis for the public, communicative activity. The general picture of the educational process in the ёeld culture and arts forms a complicated vector reality having its own speciёc features in each region, which are determined by the economic status of the territory, its geographical position, uniqueness of the resident ethnoses, the extent of development of the educational system. The idea of a transformation of internal, spiritual senses of man towards the external consumer interests and a possibility of their restoration through the system of education and training the cadres is prospective for practical usage.