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Автор: Sabirova
Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова
Composite materials based on wood filler are promising materials that are actively
conquering the market. This is due to the advantages of using these materials in various
fields: weather resistance and environmental compatibility, easy machining and possibility
of recycling. Furthermore, it is sustainable use of wastes of timber sawing and furniture and
woodworking industries, as well as low-grade wood. Wood powder is also known to be one of
the components of consumables used in additive 3D printing technologies. Over the last decade,
the commercial use of 3D printers has increased rapidly due to the fact that it allows creating
prototype objects of complex shape based on a computer model. Experimental studies were
carried out to determine the tensile strength and rheological properties of a composite made of
polylactide 4043D, untreated wood powder brand 140 and wood powder thermally modified
at 200 and 240 °C. The composite is intended for creation of three-dimensional objects by
extrusion using a 3D printer. It was found that with an increase in the amount of filler in the
composite, the tensile strength decreases. Also, samples with thermally modified filler show
an increase in tensile strength in comparison with samples with untreated filler. Prototypes of
3D threads with different composition were obtained, during the study of which the melt flow
index was examined. It was found that with increasing temperature of wood filler treatment
the melt flow index increases. With a lower content of wood powder in the melt composition,
there is a 2-fold increase in the melt flow index. The knowing of the rheological properties
of the resulting compositions will allow achieving maximum performance and reduction of
energy and production costs.
For citation: Sabirova G.A., Safin R.R., Galyavetdinov N.R., Shaikhutdinova A.R.,
Khayrullin R.Z. Studying the Rheological Properties of a Polylactide Melt Mixed with
Wood Filler. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 1, pp. 173–179. DOI:
10.37482/0536-1036-2021-1-173-179
Funding: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-33-90249
Композиционные материалы на основе древесного наполнителя, являясь
перспективными, активно завоевывают рынок. это связано с преимуществами применения данных материалов в различных областях: стойкость к атмосферным воздействиям и экологичность, легкость механической обработки и возможность утилизации
отходов. Кроме того, это и рациональное использование низкосортной древесины, а
также отходов лесопиления, мебельной и деревообрабатывающей промышленности.
Известно применение древесной муки в качестве одного из компонентов в аддитивных технологиях 3D-печати. За последнее десятилетие коммерческое использование
3D-принтеров возросло благодаря тому, что они позволяют создавать объекты-прототипы сложной формы на основе компьютерной модели. Проведены экспериментальные
исследования по определению предела прочности на разрыв и реологических свойств
композита из полилактида 4043D и термически обработанной при температуре 200 и
240 °С и необработанной древесной муки марки 140, предназначенного для создания
трехмерных объектов методом экструзии с помощью 3D-принтера. Установлено, что с
увеличением количества наполнителя в композите уменьшается предел прочности при
растяжении, а также что по сравнению с образцами из необработанного наполнителя
у образцов из термически модифицированного наполнителя наблюдается возрастание
предела прочности. Получены опытные образцы различных по составу 3D-нитей, для
которых был исследован показатель текучести расплава. Показано, что с ростом температуры обработки древесного наполнителя этот показатель повышается. При меньшем
содержании древесной муки в составе расплава отмечается его увеличение в 2 раза.
Знание реологических свойств получаемых композиций позволит достигнуть максимальной производительности, снизить энергозатраты и себестоимость готовой продукции.
Для цитирования: Sabirova G.A., Safin R.R., Galyavetdinov N.R., Shaikhutdinova A.R.,
Khayrullin R.Z. Studying the Rheological Properties of a Polylactide Melt Mixed with Wood Filler
// Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2021. № 1. С. 173–179. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-1-173-179
Финансирование: Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-33-90249.
Автор: Putilov
A study of the scale effect on the reservoir permeability and porosity over a wide range of the void structure
appears to be a significant research task. In this work, we aimed to investigate the scale effect over a wide
range of alternating reservoir properties, depending on changes in the void structure, as well as to assess the
feasibility of using a whole core with a retained drilling diameter in determining the permeability and porosity of complex reservoirs. For the first time, core samples are proposed to be selected on the basis of space
zoning, which takes into consideration the void structure and the scale effect. Filtration studies using such
samples are expected to correctly reflect the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the reservoir, thus
being valuable for calculating reserves and designing project documentation. Based on the performed linear
discriminant analysis, the practical problem of dividing the D3fm object of the Tedinskoye oil field by the
type of productive sediment reservoir is solved. In addition, an analysis of the results of physical and hydrodynamic studies confirmed the significance of the scale effect when studying the porosity and permeability
properties of complex reservoirs. A significant effect of the void structure on the value of residual water-oil
saturation is demonstrated. The feasibility of using whole core samples is substantiated, taking into account
the quantitative measure of the scale effect differentiated over a wide range of porosity and permeability when
determining the boundary values of porosity for carbonate deposits of the D3fm object of the Tedinskoye oil
field. The obtained results show that the calculation of geological and recoverable reserves should take into
account both the scale effect and the structural features of the void.
Автор: Lyubas
The article provides information on the outcrops of the Neogene-Quaternary riverine sediments of the North-Western Black Sea coastal area. A description of five outcrops of fluvial deposits located on the territory of the modern basins of the Dniester and Prut rivers is given. Based on the granulometric composition of the sediments and the presence in them of the fossil shells of freshwater bivalve mollusks (Bivalvia: Unionoida), an assumption has been made about the characteristics of the ancient river ecosystems of the Dniester and Prut on different Pliocene and Pleistocene time sections. A review of the data in the body of literature on the geological age of the studied outcrops was undertaken. The localities considered provide information on the sedimentation conditions in this region from the Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene. Previously, various approaches were used for dating such rocks and for determining the stratigraphic position of fossil material found in them. The article considers the method of amino acids racemization as one of the approaches. Racemization allows to obtain new data on the stratigraphy of Neogene-Quaternary riverine sediments and to solve the problem of their dating. The sampling principles of carbonate material for the analysis of amino acids from the mollusk shells and features of sample preparation are described. Five amino acids were used: aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), leucine (Leu), phenylalanine (Phe) and isoleucine (Ile). The D/L ratios were analyzed (amino acid racemization (or AAR) is the interconversion of amino acids from one chiral form (the L – (laevo) amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins) to a mixture of L- and D- (dextro) forms. The extent of racemization is measured by the ratio of D/L isomers (it increases as a function of time and temperature and can be used for geochronology) from the same group of fossils (genera), which were preserved under similar environmental conditions, inorganic geochemistry and thermal histories. Based on the obtained values, it can be concluded that the analysis of the racemization of amino acids is useful for determining
the geological age of fossil shells of freshwater bivalve mollusks, but there are limitations regarding
age. In the shells of the Pliocene sites, the values of some amino acids are close to one, indicating that the
racemization took place. D/L values in shells from Pleistocene localities allowed the determination of their
stratigraphic position.
Автор: Kriauciunas
The objective of the research is to identify the main patterns of spatial distribution of natural and anthropogenic
radionuclides (RN) in Naryan-Mar. Urban soils are formed by means of natural soil transformation with the
participation of technogenic sedimentogenesis, which leads to disturbance of natural RN migration processes
and contributes to the complex structure of natural and anthropogenic RNs contamination of tundra soils. The
specific activity of anthropogenic (134Cs, 137Cs) and natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) RNs in Naryan-Mar soil was determined.
The local low-intensity anomalies (LLIA) of anthropogenic RNs result from transboundary transfer;
134Cs and 137Cs are concentrated in soils with a well-shaped vegetable layer. 226Ra and 232Th LLIAs are confined
to regions with stone buildings. 40K LLIAs are conditioned by high density of grassland vegetation involving 40K
in the biological cycle. The statistical manipulation of the acquired data involved correlation and factor analysis
techniques. The statistical analysis demonstrated a moderate and salient correlation between the content of
232Th and 40K in the soils of the areas built up with wooden houses and the soils of the recreation area, respectively.
There is a salient correlation between the content of 134Cs and 40K as well as between 134Cs and 232Th in the
soils of the recreation area. The area occupied by technological buildings demonstrates salient and high negative
correlations between the content of 226Ra and radionuclides of 40K and 234Th. The multidirectional nature of
the 226Ra and 232Th accumulation processes can be explained by their different mobility in the environment. A
factor analysis of the specific activities of the radionuclides in the soils (based on the varimax method) revealed
that the strongest factor (28%) conjointly regulates the 134Cs and 40K content, which testifies to their affiliation
to non-mobile cationogenic elements. The second factor (25%) identified through an analysis of the overall data
array may signify that organic matter plays a major role in the 137Cs retention.
Автор: Ibragimova
Қиын және кедей кендерді байыту қиын болғандықтан бір жинағыш кешенді кеннен бағалы минералды тиімді түрде бөліп ала алмайды. Осы мәселені шешудің ең тиімді тәсілі – жинағыштардың қоспасы. Дегенмен, зерттеушілер үшін ең қиын сұрақтар ретінде жинағыштардың әр түрі үйлесімінде болатын синергетикалық эффектіні түсіну және маңызды флотациялық жүйені бағалау үшін адсорбция механизмін зерттеу әдістерін дамыту болып табылады. Бұл мақалада жинағыштардың әр түрлі үйлесімін қолданудың негізгі артықшылықтары талқыланған. Синергетикалық эффектілерді зерттеудегі инновациялық технологиялар адсорбция механизмі тұрғысынан түсіндірілген