Steady electric current (190,00 руб.)

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UDC 537.3(075) Published by the decision of the Editorial Review Board of the Kazan National Research Technological University Reviewers: Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor A. Turanov Ph. D. in Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor I. Lunev Arkhipov V. Steady electric current : tutorial / V. Arkhipov; The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Kazan National Research Technological University. – Kazan : KNRTU Press, 2025. – 88 p. ISBN 978-5-7882-3594-3 The main questions of the section “Steady electric current” of the general physics course are considered. Contains theoretical material on the topics: electric current, electromotive force, Ohm's law, resistance of conductors, Kirchhoff's rules, current power and the Joule-Lenz law, current in electrolytes, gases and in a vacuum, classical electron theory of metals and elements of band theory, as well as analysis of solutions to typical problems, questions for self-testing. It is intended for students studying Bachelor programs 18.03.01 “Chemical technology” of all specialties of mechanical and technological profiles in order to consolidate the theoretical foundations of the course “General Physics”. It is prepared by the Department of Physics. UDC 537.3(075) ISBN 978-5-7882-3594-3 © Arkhipov V., 2025 © Kazan National Research Technological University, 2025 2

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CONT ENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 4 1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................... 11 1.1. Electric current ..................................................................................... 11 1.2. Electromotive force, potential difference, voltage .............................. 12 1.3. Steady current and current density vector ............................................ 16 1.4. Problems ............................................................................................... 19 Self-check questions ................................................................................... 22 2. LAWS OF STEADY CURRENT ................................................................... 24 2.1. Ohm's law ............................................................................................. 24 2.2. Branched electric circuits, Kirchhoff's rules ....................................... 29 2.3. Series and parallel connection of resistors and current sources .......... 34 2.4. Thermal effect of current, Joule–Lenz law .......................................... 36 2.5. Temperature coefficient of resistance of metals ................................. 39 2.6. Problems ............................................................................................... 40 Self-check questions ................................................................................... 45 3. CLASSICAL THEORY OF METALS CONDUCTIVITY ........................... 47 3.1. Ohm's law in the classical electron theory of metals ........................... 49 3.2. Joule–Lenz law in the classical electron theory of metals ................... 50 3.3. Problems ............................................................................................... 51 Self-check questions ................................................................................... 55 4. ELECTRIC CURRENT IN OTHER MEDIA ................................................ 57 4.1. Electric current in semiconductors ....................................................... 57 4.2. Electric current in electrolytes ............................................................. 60 4.3. Electric current in gases ....................................................................... 64 4.4. Electric current in a vacuum ................................................................ 68 4.5. Problems ............................................................................................... 71 Self-check questions ................................................................................... 76 5. ELEMENTS OF THE BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS .................................. 77 5.1. Energy bands ........................................................................................ 78 5.2. Metals in band theory ........................................................................... 79 5.3. Dielectrics in band theory .................................................................... 80 5.4. Intrinsic semiconductors in band theory .............................................. 81 5.5. Extrinsic semiconductors in band theory ............................................. 83 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 87 3

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