One of the main conditions of forming microbiocenosis in newborns is spending fi rst hours of their lives with mothers. <...> This problem assumes special importance with the children delivered by caesarean section; these children, unlike children delivered normally, do not contact with mother’s genital passageways, from where they could get colonized by the lactobacilli and bifi dofl ora, so their chances of colonization are limited. <...> The purpose of the off ered work is to study the formation of intestinal microbiocenosis and spectrum of microfl ora in the children delivered by caesarean section. <...> The main group consists of 36 caesarean newborns. <...> Also were investigated 44 children (as a group for comparison) born in a natural way. <...> After probioticoterapy, the below-listed colonization characteristics are discovered in the newborn’s intestines: The amount of bifido- and lactobacteria was increased, the level of E-coli was normalized and detection frequency – decreased. <...> Thus, the changes in the intestinal microflora of the caesarean newborns are more labile. <...> The process is neither completed in the normal phase, nor reaches it the optimal level of bifido- and lactobacteria that provides the protective function at the end of the neonatal period. <...> An efficient correction is required for these children. <...> Установлено негативное влияние метаболических нарушений у женщин при обоих составляющих метаболического синдрома на 510 Неонатология уровень здоровья и нервно-психическое развитие новорожденных детей, более выраженное при гестационном сахарном диабете. <...> Материалы и методы исследования Для реализации поставленной цели обследованы младенцы 1-го месяца жизни, родившиеся у матерей с различными составляющими метаболического синдрома – ожирением (МС, 20 детей – I группа) и гестационным сахарным диабетом (ГСД <...>