КОЦОУРЕК ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ В ЧЕШСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ - ПРОГНОЗ ОШИБОК И ДЕЙСТВИЙ ВОДИТЕЛЯ В настоящее время CTU FTS занимается оценкой безопасности дорожного движения (БДД) в Центральной Богемии. <...> Эта статья является частью нового исследования, которое создается с помощью CTU FTS и сосредоточено на ошибка человека (водителя). <...> Ключевые слова: безопасность дорожного движения, оценка безопасности дорожного движения, ошибки водителя 1. <...> INTRODUCTION Road safety analysis requires comprehending of certain essential principles of the driving tasks and mechanisms of generating human errors in driving. <...> Both, an information underload and overload may lead to errors and mistakes. <...> Drivers’ performance is the best when the information workload is maintained at the reasonable level. <...> The information underload (fig. 1) decreases a driver’s attention and awareness. <...> To reduce the monotony of a road environment may be made by changes of the road alignment, marking, planting, etc. <...> Consequently, road engineers should avoid the superimposition of critical information at the locality (fig. 2). <...> Figure 1 – Information underload (Veltrusy, CZ) (source: author) 133 № 2(45) 2014 (апрель-июнь) Безопасность движения и автомобильные перевозки Figure 2 – Information overload (Brandэs nad labem, CZ) (source: author) 2. <...> HUMAN (DRIVER) ERRORS There is no universal model that can describe with total precision how errors are produced (PIARC, 2003). <...> The error as a system overflow The error occurs when the driver’s information processing system is saturated, causing decline of vigilance and alteration of functional capacities or, more generally, an imbalance between the requirements of the task and the resources to perform them (e.g. loss of vigilance from fatigue, habituation, stress). 2.2. <...> The error as a defect in elementary tasks: - inability to maintain the trajectory of the vehicle; - poor coordination of simultaneous tasks; - poor estimate of distances; - misunderstanding of the road environment. 2.3. <...> The error as a failure of reasoning The error occurs when the driver’s reasoning fails by solving a traffic problem. 2.4. <...> The error as a distorted perception of the reality The error occurs when the driver perceives the reality wrong <...>