E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
January 2016
No. 1
Published since 2000
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-Chief
B.E. Paton
Scientists of PWI, Kiev
S.I. Kuchuk-Yatsenko (vice-chief ed.),
V.N. Lipodaev (vice-chief ed.),
Yu.S. Borisov, G.M. Grigorenko,
A.T. Zelnichenko, V.V. Knysh,
I.V. Krivtsun, Yu.N. Lankin,
L.M. Lobanov, V.D. Poznyakov,
I.A. Ryabtsev, V.F. Khorunov,
K.A. Yushchenko
Scientists of Ukrainian Universities
M.N. Brykov, ZNTSU, Zaporozhie
V.V. Dmitrik, NTU «KhPI», Kharkov
V.V. Kvasnitsky, NSU, Nikolaev
V.D. Kuznetsov, NTUU «KPl», Kiev
Foreign Scientists
N.P. Alyoshin
N.E. Bauman MSTU, Moscow, Russia
Guan Qiao
Beijing Aeronautical Institute, China
A.S. Zubchenko
DB «Gidropress», Podolsk, Russia
M. Zinigrad
College of Judea & Samaria, Ariel, Israel
V.I. Lysak
Volgograd STU, Russia
Ya. Pilarczyk
Welding Institute, Gliwice, Poland
U. Reisgen
Welding and Joining Institute, Aachen, Germany
O.I. Steklov
Welding Society, Moscow, Russia
G.A. Turichin
St. Petersburg SPU, Russia
Founders
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU
International Association «Welding»
Publisher
International Association «Welding»
Translators
A.A. Fomin, O.S. Kurochko, I.N. Kutianova
Editor
N.A. Dmitrieva
Electron galley
D.I. Sereda, T.Yu. Snegiryova
Address
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute,
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03680, Kiev, Ukraine
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Fax: (38044) 200 82 77, 200 81 45
E-mail: journal@paton.kiev.ua
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State Registration Certificate
KV 4790 of 09.01.2001
ISSN 0957-798X
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© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2016
Visit of delegation of Poland Institute of Welding to the
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute ........................................... 52
INFORMATION
INDUSTRIAL
Akhonin S.V., Belous V.Yu., Petrichenko I.K. and Selin R.V.
Influence of filler metal on structure and properties of welded
joints of high-strength two-phase titanium alloys produced
using argon arc welding ............................................................... 39
Yuan Hong, Zhang Guo-Dong, Wang Jin-Xue, Yu Huai and
Zhu Zhi-Shou. Electron beam weldability of damage-tolerant
titanium alloy TC21 ...................................................................... 44
Gubenya I.P. and Yavdoshchin I.R. Mechanisms of formation
of welding aerosol solid component and paths of its penetration
into the living organism (Review) ................................................. 49
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
Ignatov A.V., Krivtsun I.V. and Semenov I.L. Characteristics
of non-equilibrium arc plasma in plasmatron nozzle channel ...... 2
Golovko V.V. and Taraborkin L.A. Modelling of chemical
composition of weld pool metal in arc methods of welding .......... 12
Marchenko A.E. Rheological investigations of non-isothermal
pressure flows of coating mixtures for welding electrodes .......... 17
Kotelchuk A.S. Influence of thermophysical properties of cores
of self-shielding flux-cored wires on welding and technological
properties ..................................................................................... 30
Paltsevich A.P. Investigation of conditions for providing low
content of diffusion hydrogen in welding using electrodes
of basic type ................................................................................ 35
Стр.1
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM ARC PLASMA
IN PLASMATRON NOZZLE CHANNEL
A.V. IGNATOV1, 2
, I.V. KRIVTSUN1
and I.L. SEMENOV3
1Guangdong General Research Institute of Industrial Technology
(Guangzhou Research Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals), Guangzhou, PRC
2
11 Kazimir Malevich Str., 03680, Kiev, Ukraine. E-mail: office@paton.kiev.ua
3
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Munich, Germany. E-mail: igor_semenov@list.ru
A mathematical model was developed for processes of energy, pulse, mass and discharge transfer in non-equilibrium
plasma of electric arc, burning in cylindrical channel with water-cooled walls being blown out by laminar flow of
plasma inert gas. The model is based on multi-fluid equations for nonisothermal, ionization non-equilibrium arc plasma,
considering double ionization of atoms of the plasma gas written in a drift-diffusion approximation. Such an approach
allows uniform description of the processes taking place in central region of the channel (in arc column plasma) as well
as near-wall region (in plasma ionization layer) up to interface of space charge layer directly adjacent to channel wall.
Consideration of the processes taking place in collisionless layer of space discharge and determination of characteristics
of thermal and electric interaction of arc plasma with channel wall is carried out using corresponding boundary conditions
on interface of the indicated layer. Besides, if presence of doubly charged ions in arc plasma is taken into account, it is
possible to calculate its characteristics in a wide range of values of arc current and channel radius. Numerical solution
of equations of the proposed model is carried out by finite volume method. Corresponding software is developed for
computer realization. Detailed numerical analysis is given to radial distribution of characteristics of argon arc plasma in
the cylindrical channels of direct plasmatron nozzle as well as intensity of longitudinal electric field in arc plasma and
heat flow from plasma to channel wall at different values of arc current, channel radius and consumption of plasma gas.
It is shown that in contrast to the central regions of the channel, where arc plasma is virtually equilibrium, a significant
thermal and ionization non-equilibrium of plasma is realized in the near-wall region. It is also shown that increase of
arc current and reduction of channel radius requires consideration of the doubly charge ions present in arc plasma.
Comparison of results of modelling of characteristics of the non-equilibrium argon arc plasma in the plasmatron nozzle
channel with available experimental data was carried out. 11 Ref., 1 Table, 9 Figures.
Keywords: arc plasmatron, plasma-shaping channel, electric arc in channel, non-equilibrium plasma, mathematical
modelling
Development of new and improvement of existing
plasma technologies, such, for example, as plasma
welding, cutting, powder surfacing and coating
deposition require reliable information on integral
and distributed characteristics of plasma, generated
by direct and indirect arc plasmatrons depending on
type and structural peculiarities of the plasmatron,
mode of its operation and composition of plasma
gas.
Thermal,
gas-dynamic
geometrical dimensions of the channel, high values of
plasma and wall temperature.
Therefore, aim of the present work is a development
and electromagnetic
characteristics of arc plasma flow, generated by such
devices, are mainly determined by its interaction with
a wall of plasmatron plasma-shaping channel. Besides,
specified interaction determines the characteristics of
heat and electric effect of arc plasma on the channel
wall. They allow optimizing plasmatron design and
increase its operation life. Experimental determination
of the characteristics of arc plasma in the plasmatron
channel as well as characteristics of its interaction
with the channel wall is complicated due to small
© A.V. IGNATOV, I.V. KRIVTSUN and I.L. SEMENOV, 2016
2
of mathematical model and accurate numerical
research of the processes of energy, pulse, mass
and discharge transfer in non-equilibrium plasma
of electric arc, burning in plasmatron cylindrical
channel, as well as determination of heat and electric
characteristics of its interaction with the channel wall.
The model based on multi-fluid equations for
thermal and ionization non-equilibrium plasma [1]
can be used for theoretical description of the processes
of energy, mass and electric transfer in arc plasma
volume, containing electrons, ions and neutral atoms.
An approach, similar to one proposed in works [2–6]
for investigation of cathode and anode processes in the
electric arc, including with doubly and triply charged
ions, can be used for consideration of the processes
of interaction of such a plasma with the channel wall.
Corresponding approaches were earlier used for
numerical analysis of distributed characteristics of
ISSN 0957-798X THE PATON WELDING JOURNAL, No. 1, 2016
Стр.2