Бек доцент Института философии образования и изучения религий University of Southern Denmark Lev Vygotsky’s learning theory – a historical and theoretical discussion Теория обучения Льва Выготского – исторические и теоретические аспекты Статья посвящена великому русскому психологу Л. <...> Во-второй, которая называется «Преподавание и обучение», автор сосредотачивается на теории обучения, а именно,на «зоне ближайшего развития» Ключевые слова: Л. <...> Пиаже; преподавание обучение; научные дискуссии; теории русского марксизма Vygotsky in context Vygotsky created his world famous theory about the child‘s cognitive development and learning just a few years after the Russian Revolution in 1917. <...> He belonged to a young generation of intellectuals determined to support the revolutionary ideas of communism and to put all their efforts into practical politics in order to develop the new socialist man. <...> An educated population was necessary to modernize Russia – but how should teaching and learning be understood and practiced from a Marxist point of view? <...> Vygotsky strongly supported the Russian revolution and the politics of the authorities. <...> However, Vygotsky was not only an accomplice, but also a victim of policy in the new Stalinist key. <...> His educational theories with close connections to the pedological movement, which were forbidden in 1936, were under attack from the beginning of the thirties, and one of his favorite Bolshevik leaders was Leo Trotsky, whom he had often quoted, but who was now society enemy number one (Van Veer 2007:28-29). <...> From the middle of the thirties Vygotsky was taboo in the Soviet psychological circles, his books were removed from libraries etc. and it is not until after N. Khrusjtjov‘s famous speech at the communist congress in 1956 that his writings are published again – and from then on his star rises not only in Russia but also in the rest of the world. 113 How did Vygotsky understand the connection between historical development and cognitive changes in individuals? <...> And how did it come about that he and his colleague Luria used their cultural historical ideas of the necessity of education to promote Stalinist modernization at the expense of the people? <...> In search of a materialistic psychology In 1924, Vygotsky <...>