Section HUMAN EVOLUTION 89 short parietals, short and wide braincase, narrow forehead and large naso-malar angle from those with the opposite trait combination. <...> Although Lokomotiv-R-8 fi ts within the range of variation of Mesolithic individuals from Eastern Europe, its large naso-malar angle separates it from the rest of the sample in some of the analyses. <...> Surprisingly, Lokomotiv-R-8 reveals affi nities with Oleniy Ostrov individuals, whose geographical position is the most distant from Lokomotiv-R-8 within the research area. <...> In conclusion, our results show that upper facial fl atness, which is marked among modern Mongoloids, appears among some of the earliest individuals from Russia and Eastern Siberia. <...> However, the patchy geographical distribution of this feature precludes any inferences about its origin and evolution. <...> The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Grant # 13-06-00045a Key words: cranial morphology, craniometry, 3D-morphometry, Mesolithic populations Contact information: Bulygina (Stansfi eld) Ekaterina, e-mail: ebulygin@yahoo.com, Pezhemsky Denis, e-mail: pezhemsky@yandex.ru, Rasskazova Anna, e-mail: ateh@rambler.ru. <...> AGGRESSION, THE AR GENE POLYMORPHISM AND REPRODUCTION IN MALES: HADZA AND DATOGA COMPARED Butovskaya Marina1 Shibalev Dmitry3 , Lazebny Oleg2 , Mabulla Audax5 , Vasiliev Vasily3 , Ryskov Alexsey3 , Dronova Dariya1 , Karelin Dmitry4 1Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 4Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 5Department of Archaeology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania In this paper we test the association between aggression, AR gene polymorphism and reproductive success as expressed in the number of children born in males from two African societies (Hadza, nomadic foragers) and (Datoga, pastoralists). <...> The data on 439 adult African males (210 Hadza and 229 Datoga males, respectively) were collected between 2007 and 2013 in Northern Tanzania, Lake Eyasi region. <...> Men with lower number of CAG repeats of the AR gene rated themselves as more aggressive. <...> Age and the number of CAG repeats were signifi cant predictors of the number of children born <...>