Т о ч к а з р е н и я Preterm birth: a main cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality G.Savelieva1 , R.Shalina1 , O.Panina2 , D.Spiridonov1 1N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation About 4% of births in the Russian Federation occur before the pregnancy reaches term. <...> Children being born preterm have high morbidity and mortality rate. <...> With the decrease of gestational age the short- and long-term outcome of children worsen. <...> Some say that preterm delivery is a birth of sick newborn by an unhealthy woman. <...> In order to decrease the rate of preterm labour high attention should be paid to women before and during pregnancy. <...> Early diagnosis of true risk factors for preterm labour is possible by sonography use. <...> Pessary, cervical stitch and progesterone are effective for pregnancy prolongation in case of cervix shortening. <...> Use of atosiban and nifedipine in treatment of threatened preterm labour is preferable. <...> If the pregnancy loss occur it is mandatory to pass pregravid preparation before the next gestation as the rate of pregnancy complications is significantly lower in patients after pregravid preparation. <...> As long as In Vitro Fertilisation is the only way to conceive for some women Single Embryo Transfer should be used in patients with a good prognosis for pregnancy to reduce the rate of multiply pregnancies and preterm delivery. <...> Key words: preterm birth, perinatal morbidity and mortality, Single Embryo Transfer Преждевременные роды как основная причина перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности Г.М.Савельева1 , Р.И.Шалина1 , О.Б.Панина2 Москва, Российская Федерация; 2 , Д.С.Спиридонов1 1Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. <...> Ключевые слова: преждевременные роды, реанимация новорожденных, перинатальная медицина, прегравидарная подготовка T he health of future generations is determined by a short perinatal period. <...> Perinatal mortality have increased slightly (fig. 1) in Moscow since 2012: from the beginning of 2012 the birth of a newborn infant with gestational age 22 weeks and weight more than 500 gram is considered as a delivery in Russian Federation. <...> Med, Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head <...>