Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Биология. Journal of Siberian Federal University/ Biology №3 2008

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Журнал Сибирского федерального университета Journal of Siberian Federal University Биология Biology Редакционный совет академик РАН Е.А.Ваганов академик РАН К.С.Александров академик РАН И.И.Гительзон академик РАН В.Ф.Шабанов чл.-к. РАН, д-р физ.-мат.наук А.Г.Дегерменджи чл.-к. РАН, д-р физ.-мат. наук В.Л.Миронов чл.-к. РАН, д-р техн. наук Г.Л.Пашков чл.-к. РАН, д-р физ.-мат. наук В.В.Шайдуров академик РАО, д-р физ.-мат. наук В.С. Соколов Editorial Advisory Board Chairman: Eugene A. Vaganov Members: Kirill S. Alexandrov Josef J. Gitelzon Vasily F. Shabanov Andrey G. Degermendzhy Valery L. Mironov Gennady L. Pashkov Vladimir V. Shaidurov Veniamin S. Sokolov Editorial Board: Editor-in-Chief: Mikhail I. Gladyshev Founding Editor: Vladimir I. Kolmakov Managing Editor: Olga F. Alexandrova Executive Editor for Biology: Nadezhda N.Sushchik Компьютерная верстка И.В. Гревцовой Подписано в печать 9.09.2008 г. Формат 19х27. Усл. печ. л. 9,8. Уч.-изд. л. 9,3. Бумага тип. Печать офсетная. Тираж 1000 экз. Заказ 1/039. Отпечатано в ИПК СФУ. 660041 Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79. Юрий П. Мешалкин, Наталия П. Бгатова Перспективы и проблемы использования неорганических наночастиц в онкологии (обзор) – 248 – John Lee Bioluminescence: the First 3000 Years (Review) – 194 – Александр А. Болдырев Роль Na/K-насоса в возбудимых тканях (обзор) – 206 – Александр В. Ефимов Моделирование белковых структур с помощью структурных деревьев – 226 – CONTENTS / СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Nickolay S. Pechurkin The Biogeochemical Principles of Vernadsky as the Basis for a New Field of Science – Biospherics – 189 – 2008 1 (3)

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Editorial board for Biology: Sergey I. Bartsev Alexander Y. Bolsunovsky Tatiana G. Volova Eugene S. Vysotski Nikolai A. Gaevsky Egor S. Zadereev Valentina A. Kratasyuk Elena N. Muratova J. Woodland Hastings Frank D. Salisbury Malcolm K. Hughes Ernst-Detlef Schulze Akira Osawa Takayoshi Koike Marc D’Alarcao Игорь А. Хлусов Вопросы клеточных технологий и биоинженерии тканей (обзор) – 269 – Елена Н. Муратова, Светлана Г. Князева Кариологический обзор голосеменных растений на основе базы данных по хромосомным числам – 295 – Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ № ФС77-28-725 от 29.06.2007 г.

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Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 3 (2008 1) 189-193 ~ ~ ~ УДК 577.1 The Biogeochemical Principles of Vernadsky as the Basis for a New Field of Science – Biospherics Nickolay S. Pechurkin* Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia 1 Received 26.08.2008, received in revised form 2.09.2008, accepted 9.09.2008 The use of the biogeochemical principles of V.I. Vernadsky for quantitative description of life development are discussed in the paper. Two examples were examined. First the so-called «Darwin – Vernadsky paradox» connected with the complicated hierarchical structure of ecosystems and the biosphere. The second example is connected with the more qualitative than quantitative character of Vernadsky’s biogeochemical principles of the biosphere and ecosystems development. Quantitative criteria to evaluate the development of multi-organismic systems need to account for energy fluxes and their use in biosystems of different hierarchical levels. Some energy criteria (principles) were presented and analyzed: EPED – Energy Principle of Extensive Development; EPID – Energy Principle of Intensive Development; MUC – Main Universal (generalized) Criterion. The two first principles are mainly connected with the behavior (development and evolution) of multi-organismic systems, belonging to the lower levels of bio-hierarchy, population/community levels. The third functional principle – MUC – deals with the behavior of more complicated multi-organismic systems of the higher levels of bio-hierarchy, including ecosystems, biomes and the biosphere as a whole. The main characteristics of Biospherics as a new field of natural science are presented and discussed: 1) to create working models of the Earth’s biosphere and its ecosystems; 2) to create artificial biospheres for human life support beyond the limits of the Earth’s biosphere; 3) to create ground-based life-support systems that provide a high quality of life in the extreme conditions of the Earth’s biosphere; 4) to use artificial ecological systems to offer the prospects of developing technologies for the solution of pollution problems. Key words: Biosphere, Vernadsky, Biospherics, energy 1. Introduction Extensive studies of the biosphere were done by Russian academician, Vladimir Vernadsky, during the first half of the 20th century. He developed and used «empirical generalizations» based on myriad observations of different researchers, along with his own comparisons and reflections (Vernadsky, 1926, 1929, 1986, 1989, 2004). But his generalized * Corresponding author E-mail address: nsla@akadem.ru 1 © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved – 189 – biogeochemical principles of biosphere and ecosystem development have a more qualitative than quantitative nature. To quantify Vernadsky’s «empirical generalizations» for the evaluation of ecosystems and biosphere development, it is necessary to take into account energy fluxes and their use in multi-organismic systems of different hierarchical levels. (Pechurkin, 2005; Pechurkin, Shirobokova, 2001; 2003). Biological

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