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Московская антропологическая выставка 1879 г. Т. 3, ч. 2. Описание предметов выставки. Вып. 3. Отдел краниологии (90,00 руб.)

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Первый авторБогданов
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Страниц31
ID264608
Аннотация
Богданов, А.П. Московская антропологическая выставка 1879 г. Т. 3, ч. 2. Описание предметов выставки. Вып. 3. Отдел краниологии / А.П. Богданов .— Известия Имп. о-ва любителей естествознания, антропологии и этнографии. Т. 35, ч. 2, вып. 3 .— : М., 1879 .— 31 с. — 28 .— URL: https://rucont.ru/efd/264608 (дата обращения: 20.04.2024)

Предпросмотр (выдержки из произведения)

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Стр.3

Облако ключевых слов *


* - вычисляется автоматически
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