E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
January 2013
No.1
Published since 2000
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
Editor-in-Chief B.E.Paton
EDITORIAL BOARD
Yu.S. Borisov, A.Ya. Ishchenko,
B.V. Khitrovskaya (
V.F. Khorunov, I.V. Krivtsun,
S.I. Kuchuk-Yatsenko (
V.I. Kyrian, Yu.N. Lankin,
V.N. Lipodaev (
),
L.M. Lobanov, V.I. Makhnenko , A.A. Mazur,
O.K. Nazarenko, I.K. Pokhodnya,
V.D. Poznyakov, I.A. Ryabtsev,
K.A. Yushchenko,
A.T. Zelnichenko (
)
INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL
COUNCIL
N.P.Alyoshin (Russia)
Guan Qiao (China)
V.I.Lysak (Russia)
B.E.Paton (Ukraine)
Ya.Pilarczyk (Poland)
O.I. Steklov (Russia)
G.A.Turichin (Russia)
M. Zinigrad (Israel)
A.S.Zubchenko (Russia)
Founders
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute
of the NAS of Ukraine,
International Association «Welding»
Publisher
International Association «Welding»
A.A.Fomin, O.S.Kurochko,
I.N.Kutianova, T.K.Vasilenko
N.A.Dmitrieva
D.I.Sereda, T.Yu.Snegiryova
Address
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute,
International Association «Welding»
11, Bozhenko str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
Tel.: (38044) 200 82 77
Fax: (38044) 200 81 45
E-mail: journal@paton.kiev.ua
www.paton.kiev.ua
URL: www.rucont.ru
State Registration Certificate
KV 4790 of 09.01.2001
ISSN 0957-798X
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© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2013
INFORMATION
Rules for Journal Authors .................................................................... 56
NEWS
In Memory of Prof. Vladimir I. Makhnenko ........................................... 52
News ..................................................................... 10, 20, 27, 43, 53, 54
),
),
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
. and
. Features of
current protection of power sources for EBW ....................................... 2
. and
. Investigation of stress-strain
state of welded structures from austenitic steel at radioactive
irradiation ............................................................................................ 5
. Development of flux-cored wire of the ferritic
grade for surfacing of high-carbon steel parts ..................................... 11
. and
.
Algorithm of technological adaptation for automated multipass
MIG/MAG welding of items with a variable width of edge
preparation ......................................................................................... 14
. and
. Peculiarities of
acoustic emission signals in evaluation of fracture mechanism
in welded joints on aluminium alloys .................................................... 21
INDUSTRIAL
. and
. Effect of friction welding parameters on
structure and mechanical properties of joints on titanium alloy
VT3-1 ................................................................................................. 28
. and
. and
.
Technological peculiarities of electroslag narrow-gap welding
of titanium .......................................................................................... 34
.
Transverse magnetic field input devices for arc welding and
surfacing processes (Review) .............................................................. 39
. and
. Effect of mode parameters of plasma spraying
using current-carrying wire on fractional composition of
sprayed particles ................................................................................ 44
. Increase of fatigue life of welded T-joints with
lack of root penetration using high-frequency mechanical
peening .............................................................................................. 47
Bolgov E
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., Gurin O.A Mirzov I.V
nko O.V
Chernyak Ya.P
Skuba
T.G., D
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Stankevich E.M
Skal
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Lyaso
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V.I
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Zyakh
Protokovilov I.V., Porokhonko V.B e
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Razmys
Translators:
Edi
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or
Elec
tron galley
hlyaev A.D
Rus k
Pa
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s
o A.N
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apo
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., K
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., Mironova M.V
a
rmonov S.V
v A.G., Ovs
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nnikov V.V., Bykovs
ky O.G
Solovej
S.A
Стр.1
FEATURES OF CURRENT PROTECTION
OF POWER SOURCES FOR EBW
O.K. NAZARENKO, O.A. GURIN and E.I. BOLGOV
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU
11 Bozhenko Str., 03680, Kiev, Ukraine. E-mail: office@paton.kiev.ua
The purpose of investigations was elaboration of recommendations to reduce disturbances of weld formation
during EBW, if current protection of accelerating voltage source has operated because of vacuum breakdown
in the welding gun, or if specified value of beam current was exceeded because of short-circuiting in the
control electrode—cathode circuit. In view of the random nature of development of the mentioned transient
processes, normally-open shorting plug of control electrode—cathode circuit and discharger with adjustable
interelectrode gap were temporarily built into the accelerating voltage source between the cable conductor
connected to control electrode and ground. This allowed closing any of the circuits and recording load
current and accelerating voltage directly during welding, which was followed by comparison of oscillograms
with the occurring disturbance of weld formation. It is found that in order to reduce the disturbances of
weld formation at breakdown in the gun, the high-voltage source should go into the mode of automatic
re-starting during the time of about 0.1 ms. The current threshold of this transition should 3—4 times exceed
the maximum load current of the source, allowing for starting current at asynchronous switching on of the
power source, and charging currents of capacitances of high-voltage cable and output filter. At short-circuiting
in the control electrode—cathode circuit, the accelerating voltage source should automatically go
into the mode of beam current stabilization after exceeding its set value by 20—30 % for 3—5 ms. 3 Ref.,
1 Table, 4 Figures.
Keywords: electron beam welding,
accelerating
voltage source, three-electrode emission system, accelerating
gap breakdowns, short-circuiting of control electrode
to the cathode, physical modelling, requirements to
current protection
In welding gun emission system breakdowns can
develop in vacuum insulation between control
electrode and anode. Gap between control electrode
and cathode is often bridged by drops of
molten metal from the weld pool. Violation of
electrical insulation between the high-voltage cable
conductors connected to cathode and control
electrode is also possible. In all these cases an
uncontrolled beam current rise takes place, disturbing
weld formation.
Abrupt switching off of accelerating voltage
source at operation of maximum current protection
is highly undesirable, as it causes a serious
weld defect in the form of a through-thickness
crater, unfilled with liquid metal. Therefore, it
is first of all necessary to minimize disturbance
of weld formation, and only after that disconnect
accelerating voltage source. If the source was
switched off, then in case of its asynchronous
restarting current protection operation is inadmissible,
because of power source starting current,
which is much higher than the operating
current, because of a surge of magnetization current
of the power source [1], and charging current
© O.K. NAZARENKO, O.A. GURIN and E.I. BOLGOV, 2013
2
of capacitances of high-voltage cable and output
filter. These are exactly the currents, which at
automatic re-starting of the source, even in the
mode of the so-called soft, i.e. delayed start, can
cause false operation of current protection, if its
time delay is absent and too low operation threshold
is set.
This work is devoted to experimental study
of algorithms and dynamics of current protection
operation at breakdowns and current overload in
the gun, in order to reduce disturbances of weld
formation.
Investigation procedure. High-voltage
inverter
power source of 6 kW power with 60 kV
accelerating voltage was used in the study. It was
created as a result of cooperation of the teams of
PWI and «Torsion» Company (Kharkov). At up
to 0.1 A load currents the source operates in the
mode of accelerating voltage stabilization. Because
of the presence of current sensor in the load circuit,
at short-circuiting the voltage stabilizer can go into
current stabilization mode, thus limiting the load
current. Connected at high-voltage filter output is
a ballast resistor, limiting the maximum amplitude
of current through output high-voltage rectifier at
short-circuiting in the load and preventing development
of parasitic resonance processes in output
cable [2].
Random nature of vacuum breakdown development
makes it difficult to record its electric
1/2013
Стр.2