International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
June
2012
#6
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
Founders: E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine
International Association «Welding»
Editor-in-Chief B.E.Paton
Publisher: International Association «Welding»
CONTENTS
Editorial board:
Yu. <...> N.Lankin I.K.Pokhodnya
V.N.Lipodaev V.D.Poznyakov
V.I.Makhnenko K.A.Yushchenko
O.K.Nazarenko A.T.Zelnichenko
I.A.Ryabtsev
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
Pokhodnya I.K. Department for investigations of
physical-chemical processes in the welding arc is 50 years ............ 2
Kulik V.M., Shelyagin V.D., Savitsky M.M., Elagin V.P.,
Siora A.V. and Shuba I.V. Technological peculiarities of
laser welding of medium-carbon alloyed steel ............................... 10
International editorial council:
N.P.Alyoshin
U.Diltey
Guan Qiao
D. von Hofe
V.I.Lysak
N.I.Nikiforov
B.E.Paton
Ya. <...> The reliable data on the processes of melting and transfer
of electrode metal in covered-electrode, underwater
and submerged-arc welding were generated with the
help of this method. <...> The principles of kinetics of melting and transfer of electrode metal, distribution of
temperature in the electrode metal drops, processes of
heat exchange between the arc and molten metal at
the electrode tip, processes of absorption of gases by
the molten metal under the arc discharge conditions,
as well as the patterns of distribution of hydrogen and
nitrogen in the weld pool with the continuously moving interface between the liquid phase and solidifying
metal were studied.
© I.K. POKHODNYA, 2012
2
The mechanisms of the effect of welding parameters, density and polarity of the welding current on
temperature of the drops, time of interaction of the
drops with the environment, and type of a covering
on the process of melting and transfer of electrode
metal in covered-electrode welding were revealed. <...> Relationship of the density and polarity of the welding
current to temperature of the electrode metal drops,
voltage gradient in the arc column and electrode metal
transfer was determined. <...> Finding the principles of the processes of gas absorption and desorption allowed the new approaches
to be used to interpretation of the mechanism of formation of porosity in the welds (I.K. Pokhodnya,
A.M. Suptel, I.R. Yavdoshchin, G.G. Koritsky, A.P.
Paltsevich, V.N. Gorpenyuk, B.A. Kostenko). <...> They served as a theoretical base <...>
The_Paton_Welding_Journal_№6_2012.pdf
International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
June
2012
# 6
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
Editor-in-Chief B.E.Paton
Yu.S.Borisov V.F.Khorunov
A.Ya.Ishchenko I.V.Krivtsun
B.V.Khitrovskaya L.M.Lobanov
V.I.Kyrian A.A.Mazur
S.I.Kuchuk-Yatsenko
Yu.N.Lankin I.K.Pokhodnya
V.N.Lipodaev V.D.Poznyakov
V.I.Makhnenko K.A.Yushchenko
O.K.Nazarenko A.T.Zelnichenko
I.A.Ryabtsev
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
. Department for investigations of
physical-chemical processes in the welding arc is 50 years ............ 2
. and
. Technological peculiarities of
laser welding of medium-carbon alloyed steel ............................... 10
. and
N.P.Alyoshin (Russia)
U.Diltey (Germany)
Guan Qiao (China)
D. von Hofe (Germany)
V.I.Lysak (Russia)
N.I.Nikiforov (Russia)
B.E.Paton (Ukraine)
Ya.Pilarczyk (Poland)
G.A.Turichin (Russia)
Zhang Yanmin (China)
A.S.Zubchenko (Russia)
V.N.Lipodaev, V.I.Lokteva
A.T.Zelnichenko (exec. director)
A.A.Fomin, O.S.Kurochko,
I.N.Kutianova, T.K.Vasilenko
N.A.Dmitrieva
D.I.Sereda, T.Yu.Snegiryova
. and
.
Technology and new generation of equipment for flash
butt welding of advanced high-strength rails for
construction and reconstruction of high-speed railway
lines ............................................................................................ 22
. Application of thermal barrier coatings
State Registration Certificate
KV 4790 of 09.01.2001
$324, 12 issues per year,
postage and packaging included.
Back issues available.
All rights reserved.
This publication and each of the articles
contained herein are protected by copyright.
Permission to reproduce material contained in
this journal must be obtained in writing from
the Publisher.
Copies of individual articles may be obtained
from the Publisher.
© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2012
for internal combustion engines (Review) ...................................... 27
. Main tendencies at the market of
welding technologies in 2008—2011 and forecast of its
development (Review) .................................................................. 32
PWI contribution to post-war revival of industry ............................. 39
NEWS
International Conference «Ti-2012 in CIS» ..................................... 41
News ........................................................................................... 43
Developed at PWI ........................................................................ 44
. Assessment of hydrogen influence on delayed
fracture of welded joints from high-strength low-alloyed
steels .......................................................................................... 14
. and
.
Mechanism of electromagnetic degassing of liquid metal
in underwater welding .................................................................. 17
. Modification by boron of deposited metal
of white cast iron type .................................................................. 19
INDUSTRIAL
Pub
l
Founders:
E. r
Inte
O
.
Pa iona
a
n
ton Ele
t
ctr
l A
ssocia
t
ic W
e
lding Institute
l
ion «W
e
of the
ding»
NA
S of Ukr
a
ine
Pokhodnya I.K
Editorial b
o
ard:
Kulik V.M., Shelyagin V.D., Savitsky M.M., Elagin V.P.,
Siora A.V
isher:
Kharbin N.N., Sleptsov O.I., Sivtsev M.N
G.G
Shuba I.V
International editorial c
ounc
il:
Inte
r
n
a
t
iona
l A
ssocia
t
ion «W
e
l
ding»
Vinokurov
Prilipko E.A
Gorobets O.Yu., Maksimov S.Yu
Krivchikov S.Yu
Promotion group:
Kuchuk-Yatsenko S.I., Krivenko V.G., Didkovsky A.V.,
Shvets Yu.V., Kharchenko A.K
Levchuk A.N
Translators:or:
Elec
Edi
t
tron galley:
EInte
. P
a o
tonnal A
E
l
11, Bozhenko str., 0
.O rnati e x:T a
l. (: 3 ( 8044)
E-mai
ssoc
i
U
Address: 368
ati 0
ectric Weld 200 82 77 .ru
,
in
F l: journal@paton.ki
38044)
o Kyiv, U
g In
n «We
stitu
t
200 81 45
RL: www.ru
e
con
t
Subscriptions:
ldi k
ngraine
»,
e,
v.ua
Tsymbalistaya T.V
Makovetskaya O.K
Стр.1
DEPARTMENT FOR INVESTIGATIONS
OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROCESSES
IN THE WELDING ARC IS 50 YEARS
I.K. POKHODNYA
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU, Kiev, Ukraine
The mechanisms of the effect of welding parameters,
density and polarity of the welding current on
temperature of the drops, time of interaction of the
drops with the environment, and type of a covering
on the process of melting and transfer of electrode
metal in covered-electrode welding were revealed. Relationship
of the density and polarity of the welding
current to temperature of the electrode metal drops,
voltage gradient in the arc column and electrode metal
transfer was determined.
Rapid development of machine building, construction
and other industries of the Soviet Union in the postwar
years required elaboration and investigation of
new consumables for welding of different grades of
structural steels. Also, it was necessary to build new
plants for industrial production of general- and special-application
covered electrodes with improved
sanitary-hygienic properties.
B.E. Paton made a decision to organise a new-level
research into metallurgical and electrophysical problems
of arc welding, as well as development of lowtoxicity
electrodes and technologies for their commercial
manufacture. A new laboratory was arranged at
the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the
Ukr. SSR Academy of Sciences in 1958 to address
these problems, the author of this article being appointed
a head of this laboratory.
The laboratory completed a number of studies in
the 1960s. An ingenious method for high-speed X-ray
photography of fast processes was developed. The reliable
data on the processes of melting and transfer
of electrode metal in covered-electrode, underwater
and submerged-arc welding were generated with the
help of this method. The principles of kinetics of melting
and transfer of electrode metal, distribution of
temperature in the electrode metal drops, processes of
heat exchange between the arc and molten metal at
the electrode tip, processes of absorption of gases by
the molten metal under the arc discharge conditions,
as well as the patterns of distribution of hydrogen and
nitrogen in the weld pool with the continuously moving
interface between the liquid phase and solidifying
metal were studied.
© I.K. POKHODNYA, 2012
2
Finding the principles of the processes of gas absorption
and desorption allowed the new approaches
to be used to interpretation of the mechanism of formation
of porosity in the welds (I.K. Pokhodnya,
A.M. Suptel, I.R. Yavdoshchin, G.G. Koritsky, A.P.
Paltsevich, V.N. Gorpenyuk, B.A. Kostenko).
Results of these studies were presented in book
«Gases in the Welds» by I.K. Pokhodnya, which was
published in the USSR in 1972 and later re-published
in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and in China.
They served as a theoretical base for the development
of many grades of advanced low-toxicity and high-efficiency
welding electrodes characterised by favourable
welding-operational properties, providing a dramatic
reduction of harmful emissions and good mechanical
properties of the weld metal. Coverings of
the electrodes had original compositions, and were
protected by author’s certificates of the USSR and
foreign patents.
To arrange mass, highly mechanised production of
electrodes, it was necessary to design and build new
high-capacity workshops. Short terms were allocated
to accomplish this national economy task.
In 1962, the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute
arranged the experimental production of welding electrodes,
which made it possible to dramatically reduce
the time from emergence of a scientific idea to its wide
practical application (V.L. Borisyuk, L.F. Belozyorov).
In
June 1962, the electrode laboratory was re-organised
into the Department for Investigations of
Physical-Chemical Processes in the Welding Arc, the
efforts of which were highly esteemed both in the
USSR and abroad.
A.E. Marchenko, I.R. Yavdoshchin and A.M. Bejnish
conducted investigations at the E.O. Paton Elec6/2012
Стр.2