International Scientific-Technical and Production Journal
February
2011
# 2
English translation of the monthly «Avtomaticheskaya Svarka» (Automatic Welding) journal published in Russian since 1948
Editor-in-Chief B.E.Paton
Yu.S.Borisov V.F.Khorunov
A.Ya.Ishchenko I.V.Krivtsun
B.V.Khitrovskaya L.M.Lobanov
V.I.Kirian A.A.Mazur
S.I.Kuchuk-Yatsenko
Yu.N.Lankin I.K.Pokhodnya
V.N.Lipodaev V.D.Poznyakov
V.I.Makhnenko K.A.Yushchenko
O.K.Nazarenko A.T.Zelnichenko
I.A.Ryabtsev
CONTENTS
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
. and
. Assessment of deformability of pipe steel joints
made by automatic continuous flash-butt welding ................................. 2
. and
. Simulation
of electric circuit as a stage in development of power source
with controllable shape of alternating current ........................................ 7
. and
N.P.Alyoshin (Russia)
U.Diltey (Germany)
Guan Qiao (China)
D. von Hofe (Germany)
V.I.Lysak (Russia)
N.I.Nikiforov (Russia)
B.E.Paton (Ukraine)
Ya.Pilarczyk (Poland)
G.A.Turichin (Russia)
Zhang Yanmin (China)
A.S.Zubchenko (Russia)
V.N.Lipodaev, V.I.Lokteva
A.T.Zelnichenko (exec. director)
A.A.Fomin, O.S.Kurochko,
I.N.Kutianova, T.K.Vasilenko
N.A.Dmitrieva
D.I.Sereda, T.Yu.Snegiryova
. Experimental evaluation of
δ1 -curve temperature shift and brittle-tough transition of
structural steels and welded joints by the results of standard
tests ................................................................................................... 11
. Detachability of slag crust in arc welding
(Review). Part 2. Character of the effect of main factors on
detachability of slag crust ................................................................... 20
. and
. Cause of secondary
hardening in Cr—Mo—V weld metal during long-term heat
exposure ............................................................................................ 24
. and
. Effect of low-frequency resonance
oscillations on structure and crack resistance of deposited
high-chromium cast iron ..................................................................... 27
INDUSTRIAL
. and
. Laser based girth welding
technologies for pipeline construction ................................................. 31
. and
. Experience of manufacture
and application of seamless flux-cored wire for electric arc
welding ............................................................................................... 37
. and
. and
State Registration Certificate
KV 4790 of 09.01.2001
$324, 12 issues per year,
postage and packaging included.
Back issues available.
All rights reserved.
This publication and each of the articles
contained herein are protected by copyright.
Permission to reproduce material contained in
this journal must be obtained in writing from
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Copies of individual articles may be obtained
from the Publisher.
© PWI, International Association «Welding», 2011
. Automatic control drive of
electrode movement trajectory for the arc surfacing machines ............. 48
BRIEF INFORMATION
. and
.
Information-calculation system for hygienic characteristics of
welding electrodes .............................................................................. 52
Theses for a scientific degree ............................................................. 54
INFORMATION
Flash-butt welding of rod reinforcement in reconstruction of
Olympic NSC (Kiev) ............................................................................ 56
Abstracts of works on innovation projects of the NAS of
Ukraine .............................................................................. 10, 19, 42, 51
.
Capabilities of application of high-strength low-alloy pipe
steels for manufacture of high-pressure vessels .................................. 43
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Стр.1
ASSESSMENT OF DEFORMABILITY
OF PIPE STEEL JOINTS MADE
BY AUTOMATIC CONTINUOUS FLASH-BUTT WELDING
S.I. KUCHUK-YATSENKO1, V.I. KYRIAN1, B.I. KAZYMOV1 and V.I. KHOMENKO2
1E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, NASU, Kiev, Ukraine
2CJSC «Pskovelektrosvar», Russia
Peculiarities of formation of high quality flash-butt welded joints on pipes are analyzed. Factors affecting the results of
impact tests of standard specimens are considered. Toughness properties of metal in the welding zone have been studied
by using different impact test methods. It is shown that metal of as-welded joint made at optimum parameters has
sufficiently high resistance to impact loads. Conditions for performing flash-butt welding and inspection of the joints
providing high operating reliability of pipelines have been determined.
Keywords: flash-butt welding, pipelines, joint quality, impact
testing methods, joint zone, impact toughness, operating reliability
One
of the important tasks in construction of pipeline
systems is ensuring their operating reliability. It is
solved by specifying a number of technical and technological
requirements pertaining both to welding performance,
and to the properties of site (circumferential)
butt joints. Mechanical properties of the latter
are represented by values of strength and ductility,
and they should meet the requirements of standards
[1, 2]. In addition, in order to prevent fractures in
butt joint operation because of the most characteristic
defects, inherent to the applied welding process, also
specified are the requirements to the value of joint
metal impact toughness representing the energy consumed
in fracture of a standard sample.
Over the recent decades the method of impact testing
of samples with a sharp mechanical notch (KCV)
of depth h = 2 mm with radius r = 0.25 mm at the
bottom, has become the dominant method that was
due to a high probability of formation of sharp stress
raisers in welds, including crack-like ones. Nowadays
such a testing procedure and established values of
impact toughness are extended to all the welded joints,
irrespective of the process of their welding. In keeping
with the requirements of [1], average value of impact
toughness of metal of welded joints on pipes of
strength class X52— X70 at —20 °C testing temperature
should be not less than 34.4, and minimum value
should be 29.4 J/cm2. These KCV values were determined
allowing for the inevitable and admissible
defects for joints made by electric arc welding processes.
These defects include external crack-like defects
(one- and two-sided lacks-of-penetration – lacks-offusion)
of up to 1 mm depth and up to 30 mm length,
weld root concavity (shrinkage of down to 2 mm depth
and length of up to 1/6 of welded butt joint perimeter),
as well as internal lacks-of-penetration both be2
tween
the layers and around the contour of the edges.
In addition, in electric arc welding there is a high
probability of appearance of various kinds of cracks,
which are not allowed in welded joints. Their detection,
however, by industrial NDT methods presents
certain difficulties in a number of cases.
Transfer of the testing procedure and the above
standard KCV requirements to welded joints made
by other welding methods, is not always justified by
far. In the case of absence of the above defects in the
weld, ensuring KCV values on the level of 34.4 J/cm2
for all the zones of the joints should be recognized as
unpractical as such requirements make pipeline construction
more complicated and lead to excessive consumption
of material means. API-1104 standard is advanced
in this respect [2]. It does not specify the
impact toughness values; they are indicated by the
customer in the form of special requirements that are
defined allowing for specific conditions of pipeline
construction and operation. Such an approach is directed
to simultaneous solution of the two main tasks:
lowering of failure probability of the pipelines in operation
with the most probable defects in circumferential
butt joints, characteristic for the applied welding
process, and minimization of construction costs.
Many years of experience of operation of various
diameter welded pipelines, including high-capacity
gas- and oil pipelines of 1420 mm diameter, shows the
high reliability of circumferential welds, made by
automatic flash-butt welding. Mechanical properties
of these joints meet all the requirements of the standards,
in keeping with which large-scale construction
of the main and industrial pipelines is performed, except
for individual cases when special requirements
are made to the value of impact toughness (mainly in
welding large diameter pipelines operating at below
zero temperatures).
Compared to electric arc fusion welding, flash-butt
welding has principal differences in joint formation,
© S.I. KUCHUK-YATSENKO, V.I. KYRIAN, B.I. KAZYMOV and V.I. KHOMENKO, 2011
2/2011
Стр.2