English for Doctoral Students (190,00 руб.)

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UDK 811.111.001.816(07) Published by the decision of the Editorial Review Board of the Kazan National Research Technological University Reviewers: PhD in Linguistics, Professor E. Semushina PhD in Linguistics, Professor N. Khayrullina Gazizulina L. English for Doctoral Students : Study Guide / L. Gazizulina; The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Kazan National Research Technological University. – Kazan : KNRTU Press, 2022. – 108 p. ISBN 978-5-7882-3244-7 The Study Guide contains texts, grammar materials and exercises aimed to expand skills of oral and written communication in academic environment. It also aims to help doctoral students get prepared for the candidate examination in English. The Study Guide is developed at the Foreign Languages for Professional Communication Department. UDK 811.111.001.816(07) ISBN 978-5-7882-3244-7 © L. Gazizulina, 2022 © Kazan National Research Technological University, 2022 2

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C O N T E N T S Introduction ......................................................................................... 4 Unit 1. CHOOSING A TOPIC OF A RESEARCH ........................... 5 Unit 2. A RESEARCH DESIGN ...................................................... 12 Unit 3. RELEVANCE OF YOUR DISSERTATION TOPIC .......... 19 Unit 4. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................... 26 Unit 5. METHODS OF RESEARCH ............................................... 35 Unit 6. EXPERIMENTS ................................................................... 44 Unit 7. RESULTS ............................................................................. 53 Unit 8. ACADEMIC WRITING ....................................................... 63 Unit 9. WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER ...................................... 72 Unit 10. HOW TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT .................................. 81 Tests .................................................................................................. 89 Glossary .......................................................................................... 102 Reference ........................................................................................ 107 3

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