MARVELS
OF
POND-LIFE;
OR,
A YEAR'S MICROSCOPIC
RECREATIONS
AMONG THE
POLYPS, INFUSORIA,
ROTIFERS, WATER-BEARS,
AND POLYZOA. <...> FEBRUARY...................................... 30
visit to hamstead — small ponds __ water-fleas —
water-beetle __ snails — polips — hidra viridis — the
dippingtube — a glass cell — the hidra and its preychydorus shæricus and canthocaptus, or friends and their
escapes — cothunia — polyp buds — catching polyps __
mode of viewing them ___ structure of polyps — sarcode —
polips stimulated by light — are they conscious? — tentacles
MARVELS OF POND-LIFE
Contents
and poison threads __ paramecium — trachelius — motions
of animalcules, whether automatic or directed by a will __
their restless character. ........................................................ 30
CHAPTER IV. <...> MAY. ................................................ 58
floscularia cornuta — euchlanis triquetra —
melicerta ringens — its powers as brick-maker, architect, and
mason — mode of viewing the melicerta __ use of glass cell
— habits of melicerta — curious attitudes __ leave theirr
tubes at death — cackhesium — epistylis — their elegant
three forms __ a parasitic epistylis like the "old man of the
sea" halteria and its leaps — aspidisca lynceus.............. 58
CHAPTER VII. <...> JUNE AND JULY. .......................... 64
lindia torulosa __ cecistes crystallinus — a professor
of deportament on stilts — philodina — changes of form and
habits — structure of gizzard in philodina family — Mr.
Gosse's description __ motions of rotifers — indications of a
will — remarks on the motions of lower creatures — various
theories __ posibility of reason — reflex actions — brain of
insects — consensual actions — aplications of physiological
reasoning to the movements of rotifers and animalcules. ... 64
CHAPTER VIII. <...> AUGUST........................................ 70
mud coloured by forms — their retreat at alarm — a
couxtry duck-pond -contents of its scum — cryptomoxads __
2
MARVELS OF POND-LIFE
Contents
their means of locomotion — a triarthra (three-limbed
rotifer) ___ the brachion or pitcher rotifer — its striking form
— enormous gizzard — ciliary motion inside this creature —
large eye and brain-powerful tail — its functions __ eggs.... 70
CHAPTER IX. <...> SEPTEMBER.................................... 78
microscopic value of little pools — curious facts in
appearance and disappearance of animalcules and rotifers —
mode of preserving them in a glass jar — fragments of
melicerta tube — peculiar <...>
Marvels_of_pond-life_or,_A_year's_microscopie_recreations_among_the_polyps,_infusoria,_rotifers,_water-bears,_and_polyzoa.pdf
MARVELS
OF
POND-LIFE;
OR,
A YEAR'S MICROSCOPIC
RECREATIONS
AMONG THE
POLYPS, INFUSORIA,
ROTIFERS, WATER-BEARS,
AND POLYZOA.
BY HENRY J. SLACK,
F.G.S.,AUTHOR OF "THE PHILOSOPHY OF
PROGRESS IN HUMAN AFFAIRS," ETC, ETC.
LONDON:
GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS.
MDCCC LXI.
Стр.1
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION........................................................ 5
DESCRIPTION OF FRONTISPIECE. ........................ 8
CHAPTER I. MICROSCOPES
AND
MANAGEMENT. ..................................................................... 9
Powers
THEIR
that are mst serviceable — estimated by
focal length — length of body of microscope and its effects
— popular errors about great magnification — modes of
stating magnifying power — use of an "erector" — power of
various objectives diferent eye-pieces — examination of
surfase markings — methods of illumination-direct and
oblique light — stage aperture — dark ground illumination
— mode, of softening light — microscope lamps-care of the
eyes........................................................................................ 9
CHAPTER II JANUARY........................................... 16
Visit to the ponds — confervæ — quinina —
vorticella — common rotifer — three divisions of infusoria
___ phytozoa — protozoa — rotifera ___ tardigrada — meani
ng of these terms — euglenaæ — distinction between
animals and vegetables __ description of vorticellæ — dark
ground illumination — modes of producing it — the nuclelus
of the vorticellæ — methods of reproduction ___ ciliated
protozoa — wheel bearers or rotifers — their structure — the
common rotifer — the yoing rotifer seen inside the old one __
an internal nubsery __ 'differentiation" and "specialization" —
bisexuality of rotifers — their zoological position —
diversities in their appearance — structure of their gizzard —
description of rotifers. ......................................................... 16
CHAPTER III. FEBRUARY...................................... 30
visit to hamstead — small ponds __ water-fleas —
water-beetle __ snails — polips — hidra viridis — the
dippingtube — a glass cell — the hidra and its preychydorus
shæricus and canthocaptus, or friends and their
escapes — cothunia — polyp buds — catching polyps __
mode of viewing them ___ structure of polyps — sarcode —
polips stimulated by light — are they conscious? — tentacles
Стр.2
MARVELS OF POND-LIFE
Contents
and poison threads __ paramecium — trachelius — motions
of animalcules, whether automatic or directed by a will __
their restless character. ........................................................ 30
CHAPTER IV. MARCH. ........................................... 39
paramecia — effects of sunlight — pterodina patina
__ curious tail — use of a compressorium —— metopidia —
trichodina pediculus — cothurnia — salpina __ its three-sided
box — protrusion of its gizzard mouth. .............................. 39
CHAPTER V. APRIL. ............................................... 47
the beautitiful
floscule — mode of seeking for
tubicolor rotifers — mode of illuminating the floscule —
difficulty of seeing the transparent tube — protrusion of long
hairs — lobes — gizzard __ hairy lobes of floscule not
rotatory organs — glass troughs __ their construction and use
— movement of globules in lobes of floscule — chætonotus
larus — its mode of swimming — coleps hirtus — devourer
of dead entomostraca — dead rotifer and vibrotiones —
theories of fermentation and putrefaction __ euplotes and
stylonichia __ fecundity of stylonichia................................. 47
CHAPTER VI. MAY. ................................................ 58
floscularia cornuta — euchlanis triquetra —
melicerta ringens — its powers as brick-maker, architect, and
mason — mode of viewing the melicerta __ use of glass cell
— habits of melicerta — curious attitudes __ leave theirr
tubes at death — cackhesium — epistylis — their elegant
three forms __ a parasitic epistylis like the "old man of the
sea" halteria and its leaps — aspidisca lynceus.............. 58
CHAPTER VII. JUNE AND JULY. .......................... 64
lindia torulosa __ cecistes crystallinus — a professor
of deportament on stilts — philodina — changes of form and
habits — structure of gizzard in philodina family — Mr.
Gosse's description __ motions of rotifers — indications of a
will — remarks on the motions of lower creatures — various
theories __ posibility of reason — reflex actions — brain of
insects — consensual actions — aplications of physiological
reasoning to the movements of rotifers and animalcules. ... 64
CHAPTER VIII. AUGUST........................................ 70
mud coloured by forms — their retreat at alarm — a
couxtry duck-pond -contents of its scum — cryptomoxads __
2
Стр.3
MARVELS OF POND-LIFE
Contents
their means of locomotion — a triarthra (three-limbed
rotifer) ___ the brachion or pitcher rotifer — its striking form
— enormous gizzard — ciliary motion inside this creature —
large eye and brain-powerful tail — its functions __ eggs.... 70
CHAPTER IX. SEPTEMBER.................................... 78
microscopic value of little pools — curious facts in
stephonoceros eichornii __ a splendid rotifer — its gelatinous
bottle — its crown or tentacles — retreats on alarm —
illumination requisite to see its beauties — its greediness —
richly-coloured food — nervous ganglia. ........................... 78
CHAPTER X. OCTOBER. ........................................ 85
stentors and stephanoceri — description of stentors
appearance and disappearance of animalcules and rotifers —
mode of preserving them in a glass jar — fragments of
melicerta tube — peculiar shape of pellets — amphileptus —
scaridium longicaudum — a long
tailed
rotifer __
— mode of viewing them — their abundance — social
habits — solitary stentors
living in gelatinous caves —
propagation by divers modes — limnias ceratophylli —
another tube-dwelling rotifer — young and old specimens —
a group of vagincolæ — changes of shape — a bubbleblowing
vorticella................................................................ 85
CHAPTER XI. NOVEMBER. ................................... 93
characteristics of the polyzoa — details of structure
according to allman — plumatella repens — its great beauty
under proper illumination — its tentacles and their cilia —
the mouth and its guard or epistome — intestinal tube —
how it swallowed a rotifer, and what happened — curiosities
of digestion — are the tentacles capable of sting? — resting
eggs, or "statoblasts" — tube of plumatella — its muscular
fibres — physiological importance of their structure.......... 93
CHAPTER XII. DECEMBER.................................. 102
microscopic hunting in winter — water-bears, or
tardigrada __ their comical behaviour — mode of viewing
them __ singular gizzard — wenham's compresorium —
achromatic condenser — mouth of the water-bear __ waterbears'
exposure to heat — soluble albumen __ physiological
and chemical reasons why they are not killed by heating and
drying — the trachelius ovum — mode of swimming —
3
Стр.4
MARVELS OF POND-LIFE
Contents
method of viewing — by dark-ground illumination —
curious digestive tube with branches — multiplication by
division — change of form immediately following this
process — subsequent appearaances................................. 102
CHAPTER XIII. CONCLUSION. ........................... 111
4
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