Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation The review presents data about the history and present-day of using bacteriophage preparations in treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in pediatrics. <...> It sums up the results of numerous Russian studies of the efficacy and safety of the employed phages in treatment of acute intestinal infections and decompensated forms of dysbacteriosis in children from birth. <...> In this context, phages have been used to prevent and/or treat infectious diseases of bacterial etiology (including in newborns and young children) for almost a century. <...> Given the ability of lytic phages to kill bacteria that cannot be killed by commonly available antibiotics, it seems prudent that this approach is rigorously evaluated in carefully designed clinical trials. <...> Keywords: bacteriophage, children, phage therapy, phage prophylaxis, acute intestinal infections Бактериофаги в терапии и профилактике острых кишечных инфекций у детей А.В.Алёшкин1 , М.В.Зейгарник2 Российская Федерация; 2 , С.С.Бочкарева1 1Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. <...> Ключевые слова: бактериофаги, дети, фаготерапия, фагопрофилактика, острые кишечные инфекции B acterial viruses were discovered by Frederick Twort in 1915, but the era of bacteriophages began after papers on the subject were published by Felix d’Herelle, who was the first to demonstrate the presence of phages in normal microflora of humans and animals 95 years ago [1, 2]. <...> Admirala Makarova, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation Phone: (495) 452-1816 The article was received 26.01.2016, accepted for publication 18.02.2016 52 ronment, water, soil, plants, etc. in amounts exceeding seve al million particles per unit of substrate (for example, in a drop of sea water) [10]. <...> For the first time bacteriophages were applied in pediatrics against dysentery in 1919. <...> A phage preparation was pre-tested perorally by d’Herelle, Victor-Henri Hutinel (the hospital’s Chief) and several interns of the children’s hospital “Hфpital des EnfantsMalades” in Paris to ensure its safety before administering it to three brothers: 3, 7 and 12 years old. <...> The symptoms of the disease disappeared in the patients 24 hours after a single <...>