They answer such questions as «What would happen to all the oak trees in a forest if the climate becomes drier?» and «Will there be more greenflies on a tree if the ladybirds are all destroyed by a disease?» Today many people are worried about «Global Warming». <...> The environment of an organism includes both physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors such as solar insolation, climate and geology, as well as the other organisms that share its habitat. <...> Agriculture, fisheries, forestry, medicine and urban development are among human activities that would fall within Krebs’ explanation of his definition of ecology: «where organisms are found, how many occur there, and why». 6 As a scientific discipline, ecology does not dictate what is «right» or «wrong». <...> The environment of an organism constitutes only the other organisms that share its habitat. 5. <...> Contemporary ecology consists of a patchwork of subdisciplines including population ecology, community ecology, conservation ecology, ecosystem ecology, metapopulation ecology, metacommunity ecology, spatial ecology, landscape ecology, physiological ecology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology, and behavioral ecology. <...> Fundamental Principles of Ecology Biosphere For modern ecologists, ecology can be studied at several levels: population level (individuals of the same species), biocoenosis level (or community of species), ecosystem level, and biosphere level. <...> Biodiversity is expressed at the ecological level 11 (ecosystem), population level (intraspecific diversity), species level (specific diversity), and genetic level. <...> At the ecosystem and biosphere levels, there is a continual recycling of all these elements, which alternate between the mineral and organic states. <...> All organisms are intrinsically linked to their physical environment and the relationship between an organism and its environment is the study of ecology. <...> This process is driving thousands of species each year to extinction and reducing biological diversity Summarize the text. <...> Ecologists call the role a species plays in its environment a «niche» – like an actor playing the villain, the hero or the comic, in a play. <...> What does the author compare an ecological niche with? <...> Siamese . caterpillar .wasp . niche .dinosaurs . plague .fauna . <...> Biodiversity or Biological Diversity is the sum <...>
Английский_язык_для_экологов_и_биотехнологов.pdf
УДК 811. 111(075. 8)
ББК 81. 2Англ
Б72
Рецензенты:
зав. каф. лексикологии английского языка Московского
государственного лингвистического университета, профессор
Г.Г. Бондарчук;
зав. каф. английской филологии факультета иностранных языков
Мордовского государственного университета им. Н.П. Огарева,
д-р филолог. наук, профессор Ю.М. Трофимова;
декан факультета европейских языков Московского
государственного гуманитарного университета им. М.А. Шолохова,
профессор А.С. Калякин;
и.о. зав. каф. английского языка и межкультурной коммуникации
факультета филологии и журналистики Саратовского
государственного университета им. Н.Г. Чернышевского,
кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Н.И. Иголкина
Б72
Бобылёва С.В.
Английский язык для экологов и биотехнологов [Электронный
ресурс] : учеб. пособие / С.В. Бобылёва, Д.Н. Жаткин. – 4-е
изд., стер. – М. : ФЛИНТА, 2014. – 192 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-0247-5
Пособие нацелено на подготовку студентов к самостоятельной работе со
специальной литературой, обучение устным формам общения по научной
тематике на материале предложенных текстов, системное развитие коммуникативных
способностей студентов, расширение их активного и пассивного
лексического запаса.
Для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальностям 240901 – «Биотехнология»
и 280202 – «Инженерная защита окружающей среды».
УДК 811. 111(075. 8)
ББК 81. 2Англ
ISBN 978-5-9765-0247-5
2
Бобылева С.В., 2014
Жаткин Д.Н., 2014
© Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2014
Стр.2
CONTENTS
ОТ АВТОРОВ . ................................................................................................... 3
Part I . .................................................................................................................. 3
Unit 1. THE SCIENCE OF ECOLOGY .............................................................. 5
Unit 2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY .................................11
Unit 3. BIODIVERSITY . ..................................................................................19
Unit 4. ECOLOGICAL NICHE . ........................................................................27
Unit 5. AN ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER ............................................................ 33
Unit 6. THE ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT . ...........................................................36
Unit 7. TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS . ..................................................................48
Unit 8. BOREAL FOREST . ...............................................................................61
Unit 9. DISCIPLINES OF ECOLOGY . ............................................................71
Unit 10. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY . .................................................................83
Unit 11. HISTORY OF ECOLOGY . ..................................................................98
Unit 12. MODERN ECOLOGICAL THEORY AND RESEARCH.................103
Part II ................................................................................................................106
Unit 13. BIOTECHNOLOGY ..........................................................................106
Unit 14. BIOTECHNOLOGY MEDICAL PRODUCTS ..................................113
Unit 15. GENETIC ENGINEERING .............................................................121
Unit 16. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM ......................................130
Unit 17. GENE THERAPY ..............................................................................141
Unit 18. BIOENGINEERING .........................................................................152
Unit 19. MEDICAL DEVICES .........................................................................162
Unit 20. BIOMATERIALS – CLASSIFICATIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOMATERIALS ........................................174
GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................183
Учебное издание
Бобылёва Светлана Вячеславовна
Жаткин Дмитрий Николаевич
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК для
экологов и биотехнологов
Учебное пособие
Подписано в печать 27.05.2014
Электронное издание для распространения через Интернет.
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