The 240100 – “Chemical tutorial polymerization, (preparation Tutorial is conformed to a State education standard in the direction technology” and the program “Polymer science and polycondensation of monomer, describes plastics based on polymers obtained by and on chemically modified polymers or polymerization processing and applications). <...> Ю., 2012 ISBN 978-5-7882-1295-1 © Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет, 2012 Сontents Preface . 5 1 GENERAL PATTERNS OF POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS . 6 1.1 Addition Polymerization . 6 1.1.1 Ionic Polymerization . 10 1.1.2 Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Polymerization . 14 2 PLASTICS BASED ON POLYMERS OBTAINED BY POLYMERIZATION . 16 2.1 Polymers of Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives . 16 2.1.1 Polyethylene . 16 2.1.2 Polypropylene . 40 2.1.3 Polyisobutylene . 56 2.1.4 Copolymers Containing Ethylene. 57 2.2 Polymers of Unsaturated Aromatic Hydrocarbons . 60 2.2.1 Polystyrene . 60 2.2.2 Styrene-acrylonitrile Copolymers . 81 2.2.3 Miscellaneous Rubber-modified Styrene-acrylonitrile and Related Copolymers . 82 2.2.4 Styrene-maleic Anhydride Copolymers . 84 2.2.5 Butadiene-styrene Block Copolymers . 86 2.3 Polymers of Halogenated Unsaturated Hydrocarbons . 87 2.3.1 Poly(vinyl chloride) . 87 2.3.2 Crystalline PVC . 112 2.3.3 Graft Polymers Based on PVC . 112 2.3.4 Vinyl Chloride-Propylene Copolymers . 113 2.3.5 Vinyl Chloride-N-cyclohexylmaleimide Copolymers. 113 2.3.6 Vinylidene Chloride Polymers and Copolymers . 113 2.3.7 Vinylidene Chloride-Acrylonitrile Copolymers . 116 2.3.8 Polytetrafluoroethylene . 117 2.3.9 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) . 123 2.4 Polymers Derivatives of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acid . 124 2.4.1 Poly(methyl methacrylate) . 126 2.4.2 Methyl Methacrylate Polymers with Enhanced Impact Resistance and Softening Point . 142 2.4.3 Acrylic Adhesives . 144 2.4.4 Hydrophilic Polymers. 145 3 2.4.5 Polyacrylonitrile . 145 2.4.6 Polyacrylamide . 146 2.5 Polymers of Complex and Simple Vinyl Ethers . 147 2.5.1 Poly(vinyl acetate) and its Derivatives . 147 2.5.2 Poly(vinyl ethers) . 151 2.6 Polymers Based on Derivatives of Ethylene with Complex Substituents . 152 2.6.1 Coumarone-Indene Resins . 152 2.6.2 Poly(vinyl Carbazole) . 154 2.6.3 Poly(vinyl Pyrrolidone) . 156 2.7 Polyethers <...>
Plastics_technology._P.1_tutorial.pdf
УДК 678.5(075)
ББК 35.71.я7
Софьина С.Ю.
Plastics technology : учебное пособие. Ч. 1 / С.Ю. Софьина; М-во
образ. и науки России, Казан. нац. исслед. технол. ун-т. – Казань : Изд-во
КНИТУ, 2012. – 212 с.
ISBN 978-5-7882-1295-1
ISBN 978-5-7882-1296-8 (ч. 1)
technology”.
The
240100 – “Chemical
tutorial
polymerization,
(preparation
Tutorial is conformed to a State education standard in the direction
technology” and the program “Polymer science and
polycondensation
of monomer,
describes plastics based on polymers obtained by
and on chemically modified polymers
or
polymerization
processing and applications).
The tutorial is designed for the masters
polycondensation,
studying
properties,
the disciplines
“Chemistry and physics of macromolecular compounds”, “General chemical
technology of polymers”, “Plastics technology”.
Prepared by the Department of Plastics technology.
Учебное пособие соответствует Государственному образовательному
стандарту по направлению 240100 – «Химическая технология» и программе
«Наука о полимерах и технология».
В пособии описаны пластмассы на основе полимеров, получаемых
путем полимеризации, поликонденсации, и химически модифицированные
полимеры (подготовка мономера, полимеризация или поликонденсация,
свойства, переработка и применение).
Предназначено для магистров, изучающих дисциплины «Химия и
физика высокомолекулярных соединений», «Общая химическая технология
полимеров», «Технология пластмасс».
Подготовлено на кафедре технологии пластических масс.
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Казанского
национального исследовательского технологического университета
Рецензенты: проф. Л.А. Абдрахманова
проф. Ю.А. Тунакова
ISBN 978-5-7882-1296-8 (ч. 1) © Софьина, С.Ю., 2012
ISBN 978-5-7882-1295-1
© Казанский национальный исследовательский
технологический университет, 2012
Стр.2
Сontents
Preface .......................................................................................................... 5
1 GENERAL PATTERNS OF POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS .......... 6
1.1 Addition Polymerization ..................................................................... 6
1.1.1 Ionic Polymerization .................................................................. 10
1.1.2 Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Polymerization .......................... 14
2 PLASTICS BASED ON POLYMERS
OBTAINED BY POLYMERIZATION ..................................................... 16
2.1 Polymers of Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
and their Derivatives ............................................................................... 16
2.1.1 Polyethylene ............................................................................... 16
2.1.2 Polypropylene ............................................................................. 40
2.1.3 Polyisobutylene .......................................................................... 56
2.1.4 Copolymers Containing Ethylene............................................... 57
2.2 Polymers of Unsaturated Aromatic Hydrocarbons ........................... 60
2.2.1 Polystyrene ................................................................................. 60
2.2.2 Styrene-acrylonitrile Copolymers .............................................. 81
2.2.3 Miscellaneous Rubber-modified Styrene-acrylonitrile
and Related Copolymers ..................................................................... 82
2.2.4 Styrene-maleic Anhydride Copolymers ..................................... 84
2.2.5 Butadiene-styrene Block Copolymers ........................................ 86
2.3 Polymers of Halogenated Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ...................... 87
2.3.1 Poly(vinyl chloride) .................................................................... 87
2.3.2 Crystalline PVC ........................................................................ 112
2.3.3 Graft Polymers Based on PVC ................................................. 112
2.3.4 Vinyl Chloride-Propylene Copolymers .................................... 113
2.3.5 Vinyl Chloride-N-cyclohexylmaleimide Copolymers.............. 113
2.3.6 Vinylidene Chloride Polymers and Copolymers ...................... 113
2.3.7 Vinylidene Chloride-Acrylonitrile Copolymers ....................... 116
2.3.8 Polytetrafluoroethylene ............................................................ 117
2.3.9 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) ......................................................... 123
2.4 Polymers Derivatives of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acid ................. 124
2.4.1 Poly(methyl methacrylate) ....................................................... 126
2.4.2 Methyl Methacrylate Polymers
with Enhanced Impact Resistance and Softening Point .................... 142
2.4.3 Acrylic Adhesives .................................................................... 144
2.4.4 Hydrophilic Polymers............................................................... 145
3
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2.4.5 Polyacrylonitrile ....................................................................... 145
2.4.6 Polyacrylamide ......................................................................... 146
2.5 Polymers of Complex and Simple Vinyl Ethers ............................. 147
2.5.1 Poly(vinyl acetate) and its Derivatives ..................................... 147
2.5.2 Poly(vinyl ethers) ..................................................................... 151
2.6 Polymers Based on Derivatives of Ethylene
with Complex Substituents ................................................................... 152
2.6.1 Coumarone-Indene Resins ....................................................... 152
2.6.2 Poly(vinyl Carbazole) ............................................................... 154
2.6.3 Poly(vinyl Pyrrolidone) ............................................................ 156
2.7 Polyethers ........................................................................................ 158
2.7.1 Acetal Resins ............................................................................ 160
2.7.2 Miscellaneous Aldehyde Polymers .......................................... 172
2.7.3 Polyethers from Glycols and Alkylene Oxides ........................ 173
2.7.4 Oxetane Polymers..................................................................... 176
2.8 Polyurethanes and Polyisocyanurates ............................................. 178
2.8.1 Fibres and Crystalline moulding Compounds .......................... 179
2.8.2 Rubbers ..................................................................................... 181
2.8.3 Flexible Foams ......................................................................... 189
2.8.4 Rigid and Semi-rigid Foams ..................................................... 200
2.8.5 Coatings and Adhesives ........................................................... 205
2.8.6 Polyisocyanurates ..................................................................... 206
2.8.7 Polycarbodi-imide Resins ......................................................... 208
2.8.8 Polyurethane-Acrylic Blends ................................................... 209
2.8.9 Miscellaneous Isocyanate-based Materials .............................. 209
4
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