RESUME
Up to now all the methods of creating such forms of forest mana-_
gement that would in an equal manner secure both the restoration of
forests and a remunerative exploitation of same have not been successful.
The practice has shown that neither of these methods give in this
respect an equal effect. Thus, we find the very best plans of silviculture,
which, however, are disadvantageous with regard to the exploitation
of forests; on the other hand, there are plans for the exploitation
that are very well drafted and are good from the economical standpoint,
which, however, do not answer the silvicultural requirements, and which
even lead to the ruinous destruction of forests. The plans that have
been up to the present moment made in the USSR have been very
•carefully drafted as far as the conservation of forests is concerned, but
they often cannot be carried out because of their economical drawbacks.
As a result of such a system was the impossibility to exploit forests.
This is the reason why we have vast virgin forests, in which no trees
have ever been felled, but where the natural growth is stunted because
the trees, after reaching the maximum age fall and decay.
The constantly growing industrialization and reconstruction of the
national economy of the USSR as well as the growth of the timber
exsport, make it incumbent upon us to increase the timber producing
regions and at the same time to decrease the cost of timber. This is
why we must create such a new system of forest management that
would result in a cheap supply of timber products from our virgin
wood regions, and simultaneously to a full conservation of our forest
lands, and a constant gain of products. This being an extraordinary
difficult problem it is quite impossible to solve same theoretically, and
it is absolutely necessary to draft experimental plans based on practical
experience. The outlined facts have necessitated the Forest
Products Research Institute of USSR to organize to that effect a
special research expedition. This expedition has drafted such an experimental
plan in one of the timber regions of the Votsk Autonomic
District. The author of these lines has been at the head of this scientific
expedition. Based on the effected work, the author has suggested
quite a number of new forms of work, and explains the essence of that
new methodology for drafting a plan for the exploitation of forest
lands which, would fully enable to exploit the forests at a cheap rate
and at the same time to secure not only the conservation of forests but
•even to improve the planting of wood. Considering the fact that in order
to solve this problem it is necessary to deal with a very large number
of unknown and variable quantities both of a silvicultural and engineering
character, whereby all these quantities depend mutually upon each
•other; the whole system of solving this problem is constructed by a
method of gradual approximations. In this connection all the scientific
•and research work should be done simultaneosly. Thus, the study of
forest types, the supply of ripe plantations, the processes of natural
restoration, conditions of soil, grass cover, the phytopathological and
•entomological processes, the influence on the forest of cattle grazing
and professional hunting, the hydrological and topographical researches,
ameliorative investigations, the tracing of land roads, transport and the
study of waterways, determination of central regions of consumption,
and the projects for the establishment of places for timber loading in
the very territory of forests, economical investigations etc.—all the
enumerated problems should be solved simultaneously and gradually,
beginning with a rough sketch and going on to precise the matter by
fits and starts, at the same time trying to bring all the enumerated
problems into a close contact. Such a system of working up all the
above problems results in a creation of a special method of drafting
plans for the exploitation, the so called sectorial method. The essence
of such a method is distinguished by the fact that all the wood producing
processes are effected in such a sector, in which the felling of
wood and all the mechanization is projected. It must be emphasized
that 25% of the forest is felled in single dense wooden sections spread
all over the sector, whereas on the remaining 75% of the area of the
sector an intermediate salubrious cutting is produced which fully
secures the natural growth of the wood and leads to the improvement
of forest plantings. By such a system during the whole year all the
work is constantly effected, and all the machines and the mechanized
Стр.2
BCHX- СОЮЗЛЕС -СССР
roads are fully and equally utilized. This requires a permanent staff of
specially trained and skilled workers as well as a qualified technical
personnel. Every year the whole system has to be transferred from one
yearly sector to another. Thus, the suggested new method of planning
the exploitation^ enables to produce the work in a forest like in a factoYy,
4hat is to kay, it will transform our virgin forests into wood producing
factories, where there will in an equal manner be secured both
the growth of forests and a cheap exploitation. The further development
of such experimental scientific researches will lead to a creation of a
new applied scientific discipline, which will teach us how to build up
a new industrial, socialistic forest management.
ТРУДЫ ИНСТИТУТА ДРЕВЕСИНЫ (ВНИИД)
ЛЕСОЗАГОТ. ОТДЕЛ
ВЫП. I
V
Инж. Н. М. НЕВЕССКИЙ
НОВЫЕ МЕТОДЫ СОСТАВЛЕНИЯ
ПЛАНОВ ЭКСПЛОАТАЦИИ
ЛЕСНЫХ МАССИВОВ
25 РИС. В ТЕКСТЕ И ОТД. КАРТА
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО
1 9 3 0
Стр.3
ОГЛАВЛЕНИ Е
Стр.
Введение
Глава I.
•Старый способ построения механизации в лесах
Глава II.
Организация новой работы.-Основные предпосылки.—Рабочий аппарат .. .
Глава III.
Сложность построения плана эксплоатации лесного хозяйства.-Способ попостепенного
приближения
Глава IV.
Методология работы по составлению плана эксплоатации лесного хозяйства.Коренное
отличие от прежних форм планирования
Глава V.
Особая роль транспорта леса.-Водные и сухопутные пути.-Значение топографии
местности для лесовозных дорог.-Направление потоков груза.Главный
поток.-Центр потребления. - Новые методы изыскательских
работ.—Свобода маневрирования изыскательской группы
Глава VI.
Изучение леса с целью выяснения возможности применения концентрированных
рубок и установления мест, размеров и форм концентрации .. .
Глава VII.
О сокращении программы работ лесоустроительных партий.-Необходимость
уточнения выхода сортиментов.—Новая форма полевых работ по инвентаризации.—Результаты
совместной и одновременной работы таксаторов
и изыскателей
Глава VIII.
ГЬиниип построения совокупного плана механизированных путей и концентрированных
рубок.-Ход построения совокупного плана. - Как появился
годовой сектор
Глава IX.
Главлит № А—71276
9-я типог >афия „Мосполиграф", VA. Разина, 9
Тирах 5.000 экз.
3906
Составление плана годовых секторов на ревизионный период. — Различные
варианты плана.—Соединенная карта путей.—Деление на секторы всего
36
30
18
14
12
7
8
Стр.4